At the start of Trump-47, on January 20, 2025, there were 45 federal judicial vacancies—all were Article III vacancies.
There are now 60 federal judicial vacancies, including: 59 Article III positions, and one Article I position (United States District Court for the District of the Virgin Islands).
There are 874 authorized Article III federal judicial positions (including the Court of International Trade, and also Article I federal district courts in the territories), with 60 vacancies, amounting to a circa 7% vacancy rate.
There are currently FIVE vacancies across FOUR federal appellate courts: 1st Circuit, 3d Circuit (two vacancies), 7th Circuit, and 9th Circuit.
The State with the greatest number of federal judicial vacancies is Texas: EIGHT vacancies. As of July 25, 2025, there have been no nominations to ANY of these positions. Texas voted for Trump in 2016, 2020, and 2024. It has continuously sent two Rs to the Senate. And its House delegation strongly leans majority Republican: nearly 2-to-1.
Jennifer Mascott has been announced by the White House as a Third Circuit nominee, but she has not yet been officially nominated.
July 25, 2025: Vacancies Trump-47 Nominations* Confirmed
US Supreme Court -- 0 0 0
US Federal Circuit Courts -- 5 3 1
US Federal District Courts -- 53 9 3
US Court of Int’l Trade (Art III) 1 0 0
Article I Courts -- 1 0 0
Total -- 60 12 4
Vacancies include current and future vacancies as reported: current, <https://www.uscourts.gov/data-news/judicial-vacancies/current-judicial-vacancies>, and future <https://www.uscourts.gov/data-news/judicial-vacancies/future-judicial-vacancies>.
Seth Barrett Tillman, ‘Trump-47 Judicial Vacancies and Trump-47 Judicial Nominations,’ New Reform Club (UPDATED: July 25, 2025) (Jan. 29, 2025, 3:14 AM), <https://reformclub.blogspot.com/2025/01/trump-47-judicial-vacancies-and.html>;
*“Nominations” refers to nominations awaiting Senate action.
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