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Medtronic"},{"term":"Robert Ray"},{"term":"Rutten hates Fox"},{"term":"Sanders"},{"term":"Silent Cal"},{"term":"Sloppy Joe"},{"term":"Spokane"},{"term":"St. Hubbins"},{"term":"Statesmanship"},{"term":"Syndrome"},{"term":"The Establishment"},{"term":"Thomas More"},{"term":"Thompson"},{"term":"Tom Van Dyke"},{"term":"Utopia"},{"term":"William Wilberforce"},{"term":"abolition"},{"term":"abstinence"},{"term":"atheism"},{"term":"believers"},{"term":"classical liberalism"},{"term":"clever"},{"term":"clever and stupid"},{"term":"commutation"},{"term":"consolation"},{"term":"conversion"},{"term":"courage"},{"term":"courthouses"},{"term":"culture"},{"term":"dead ducks"},{"term":"demagogue"},{"term":"dignity"},{"term":"education"},{"term":"elections"},{"term":"entitlement"},{"term":"equality"},{"term":"execrable"},{"term":"fact checkers"},{"term":"faith"},{"term":"federalism"},{"term":"freedom"},{"term":"genious"},{"term":"good"},{"term":"gutter punks"},{"term":"handicap spaces"},{"term":"hippies"},{"term":"human"},{"term":"human person"},{"term":"hypacrit"},{"term":"hypocrite"},{"term":"identity"},{"term":"ideology"},{"term":"inequality"},{"term":"judicial activism"},{"term":"left"},{"term":"liberal"},{"term":"lil' bush"},{"term":"media"},{"term":"media giants"},{"term":"mediocrity"},{"term":"moral"},{"term":"nut-ball box"},{"term":"nuts"},{"term":"pluralism"},{"term":"political radicalism"},{"term":"poor"},{"term":"prejudice"},{"term":"progress"},{"term":"punctuation"},{"term":"racism"},{"term":"radical corporate chic"},{"term":"right-wing"},{"term":"rights and duties"},{"term":"safety net"},{"term":"scumbag"},{"term":"self-government"},{"term":"settlement"},{"term":"slavery"},{"term":"social media"},{"term":"speech"},{"term":"stare decisis"},{"term":"stupid is as stupid does"},{"term":"thought police"},{"term":"truth"},{"term":"twitter"},{"term":"universal mediocrity"},{"term":"virtue"},{"term":"welfare \u0026 dependency"},{"term":"wrongful birth"},{"term":"you are ignorant"},{"term":"yummy"},{"term":"yuppie scum"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"THE NEW REFORM CLUB"},"subtitle":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cb\u003EGOD \u0026amp; MAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY\u003C\/b\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/posts\/default"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default?alt=json-in-script\u0026orderby=published"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/"},{"rel":"hub","href":"http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/"},{"rel":"next","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default?alt=json-in-script\u0026start-index=26\u0026max-results=25\u0026orderby=published"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Hunter Baker"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14961831404331998743"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"http://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"3432"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"1"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"25"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-2486002026081847520"},"published":{"$t":"2024-10-29T05:44:00.009-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-10-30T00:26:39.144-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Trump v Anderson (2024)—A Curiosity"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EDear Friend,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EOne of the curiosities of the recently decided\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci style=\"font-weight: bold; outline: none;\"\u003ETrump v. Anderson\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;(the ballot-access Trump-related Section-3-of-the-Fourteenth Amendment case) was that the per curiam opinion stated:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr clear=\"none\" style=\"outline: none;\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cblockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #1d2228; outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ETh[e] [Enforcement] Act [of 1870] authorized federal district attorneys to bring civil actions in federal court to remove anyone holding nonlegislative office\u003Cb style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E—\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Efederal or state\u003Cb style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E—\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Ein violation of Section 3, and made holding or attempting to hold office in violation of Section 3 a federal crime. §§14, 15, 16 Stat. 143–144 (\u003Cb\u003Erepealed\u003C\/b\u003E, 35 Stat. 1153–1154 [1909], 62 Stat. 992–993 [1948]).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: white; outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E[\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/search.aspx?filename=\/docket\/docketfiles\/html\/public\/23-719.html\"\u003E601 U.S. 100, 114\u003C\/a\u003E; \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/23pdf\/23-719_19m2.pdf\"\u003Eslip op. at 10\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(emphasis added).]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr clear=\"none\" style=\"outline: none;\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe problem is that the per curiam opinion asserts that Sections 14 to 16 of the 1870 federal statute were repealed by one or more subsequent federal statutes, but the pages cited for the repealing statute(s) 35 Stat. 1153\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E–\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E54 (1909) and 62 Stat. 992\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E–\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E993 (1948) list scores of statutes in an extensive list and in an extensive table. So the public (including me) does not know which statute(s) repealed Sections 14 to 16. I do not believe any of the Justices\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; text-align: left;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;law clerks found the reported repealing statute(s)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E—\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Elaw clerks do not have this level of detailed expertise. I expect it was staff, maybe at the library? Any idea who I can ask?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr clear=\"none\" style=\"outline: none;\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EMy query does NOT involve any impending litigation.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr clear=\"none\" style=\"outline: none;\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThank you,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: #fcf4f7; color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ETrump v. Anderson\u003C\/i\u003E, U.S. Sup. Ct. No. 23-719,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #252525; text-align: left; text-wrap: nowrap;\"\u003E2024 WL 899207\u003C\/span\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #00172e; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; text-align: center;\"\u003E2024 U.S. LEXIS 1190\u003C\/span\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #201f1e; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #212121; text-align: center;\"\u003E144 S. Ct. 662\u003C\/span\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E601 U.S. 100 (U.S. Mar. 4, 2024) (per curiam), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/slipopinion\/23\" style=\"color: #b51200; text-decoration-line: none;\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/slipopinion\/23\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;,\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #201f1e; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/search.aspx?filename=\/docket\/docketfiles\/html\/public\/23-719.html\" style=\"color: #b51200; text-decoration-line: none;\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/search.aspx?filename=\/docket\/docketfiles\/html\/public\/23-719.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: #fcf4f7; color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"outline: none; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d2228;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ETrump v Anderson (2024)—A Curiosity\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; text-align: left;\"\u003E,’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Oct. 29, 2024, 5:44 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan color=\"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52)\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/10\/trump-v-anderson-2024a-curiosity.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/10\/trump-v-anderson-2024a-curiosity.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"outline: none; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"outline: none; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"color: #1d2228; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/2486002026081847520\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=2486002026081847520","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2486002026081847520"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2486002026081847520"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/10\/trump-v-anderson-2024a-curiosity.html","title":"Trump v Anderson (2024)—A Curiosity"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-4916599033385864791"},"published":{"$t":"2024-10-02T17:42:00.003-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-10-02T17:49:07.897-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"On Winning Debates"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"x1yztbdb x1n2onr6 xh8yej3 x1ja2u2z\" style=\"background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #1c1e21; font-family: \u0026quot;Segoe UI Historic\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;Segoe UI\u0026quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 16px; position: relative; width: 680px; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1n2onr6 x1ja2u2z\" style=\"font-family: inherit; position: relative; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv aria-describedby=\":r9lf: :r9lg: :r9lh: :r9lj: :r9li:\" aria-labelledby=\":r9le:\" aria-posinset=\"2\" class=\"x1a2a7pz\" style=\"font-family: inherit; outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf\" data-virtualized=\"false\" style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x9f619 x1n2onr6 x1ja2u2z\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; position: relative; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x78zum5 x1n2onr6 xh8yej3\" style=\"display: flex; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 680px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1n2onr6 x1ja2u2z x1jx94hy x1qpq9i9 xdney7k xu5ydu1 xt3gfkd x9f619 xh8yej3 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 xquyuld\" style=\"background-color: var(--card-background); border-radius: max(0px, min(var(--card-corner-radius), calc((100vw - 4px - 100%) * 9999))) \/ var(--card-corner-radius); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px var(--shadow-2); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 680px; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xabvvm4 xeyy32k x1ia1hqs x1a2w583 x6ikm8r x10wlt62\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore-dynamic\" style=\"border-radius: 0px 0px 8px 8px; 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flex-direction: row; font-family: inherit; outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1r8uery x1iyjqo2 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x4uap5\" style=\"flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cform class=\"x1ed109x x1n2onr6 xmjcpbm x1tlxs6b x1g8br2z x1gn5b1j x230xth x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x78zum5 x1iyjqo2 x13a6bvl\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"background-color: var(--comment-background); border-radius: 18px; border-width: 0px; cursor: text; display: flex; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xh8yej3\" style=\"font-family: inherit; width: 610px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x78zum5 x13a6bvl\" style=\"display: flex; font-family: inherit; justify-content: flex-end;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xi81zsa xo1l8bm xlyipyv xuxw1ft x49crj4 x1ed109x xdl72j9 x1iyjqo2 xs83m0k x6prxxf x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x1y1aw1k xn6708d xwib8y2 x1ye3gou\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\" style=\"color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: text; flex: 1 1 auto; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 12px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-wrap: nowrap;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xb57i2i x1q594ok x5lxg6s x78zum5 xdt5ytf x6ikm8r x1ja2u2z x1pq812k x1rohswg xfk6m8 x1yqm8si xjx87ck xx8ngbg xwo3gff x1n2onr6 x1oyok0e x1odjw0f x1e4zzel x3d5gib\" style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: inherit; max-height: 50vh; overflow: hidden auto; overscroll-behavior-y: contain; perspective-origin: right top; perspective: 1px; position: relative; scrollbar-width: none; transform-style: preserve-3d; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf x1iyjqo2 x1n2onr6\" style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; position: relative;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1n2onr6\" style=\"font-family: inherit; position: relative;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv aria-label=\"Write a comment…\" aria-placeholder=\"Write a comment…\" class=\"xzsf02u x1a2a7pz x1n2onr6 x14wi4xw notranslate\" data-lexical-editor=\"true\" role=\"textbox\" spellcheck=\"true\" style=\"color: var(--primary-text); font-family: inherit; outline: none; position: relative; text-align: initial; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp class=\"xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/form\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1yztbdb x1n2onr6 xh8yej3 x1ja2u2z\" style=\"background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #1c1e21; font-family: \u0026quot;Segoe UI Historic\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;Segoe UI\u0026quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 16px; position: relative; width: 680px; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1n2onr6 x1ja2u2z\" style=\"font-family: inherit; position: relative; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv aria-describedby=\":r9c9: :r9ca: :r9cb: :r9cd: :r9cc:\" aria-labelledby=\":r9c8:\" aria-posinset=\"3\" class=\"x1a2a7pz\" style=\"font-family: inherit; outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf\" data-virtualized=\"false\" style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x9f619 x1n2onr6 x1ja2u2z\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; position: relative; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x78zum5 x1n2onr6 xh8yej3\" style=\"display: flex; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 680px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1n2onr6 x1ja2u2z x1jx94hy x1qpq9i9 xdney7k xu5ydu1 xt3gfkd x9f619 xh8yej3 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 xquyuld\" style=\"background-color: var(--card-background); border-radius: max(0px, min(var(--card-corner-radius), calc((100vw - 4px - 100%) * 9999))) \/ var(--card-corner-radius); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px var(--shadow-2); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 680px; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1s688f\" role=\"button\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xd665xh x10l6tqk x1dquyif\" data-0=\"0\" data-10=\"10\" data-11=\"11\" data-12=\"12\" data-13=\"13\" data-14=\"14\" data-15=\"15\" data-16=\"16\" data-17=\"17\" data-18=\"18\" data-19=\"19\" data-1=\"1\" data-2=\"2\" data-3=\"3\" data-4=\"4\" data-5=\"5\" data-6=\"6\" data-7=\"7\" data-8=\"8\" data-9=\"9\" style=\"font-family: inherit; left: -10000px; position: absolute; top: -10000px;\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\"html-blockquote xexx8yu x18d9i69 xckqwgs x26u7qi x7g060r x1gslohp x11i5rnm xieb3on x1mh8g0r x1pi30zi x1swvt13\" style=\"border-left-color: var(--divider); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; margin: 4px 0px 20px; 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transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x14yjl9h xudhj91 x18nykt9 xww2gxu x10l6tqk xhtitgo\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\" style=\"border-radius: 50%; bottom: 6px; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; right: 6px; transform: translate(50%, 50%); z-index: 2;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"x9f619 x1ja2u2z x14yjl9h xudhj91 x18nykt9 xww2gxu x78zum5 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x1n2onr6\" style=\"border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; position: relative; z-index: 0;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1o1ewxj x3x9cwd x1e5q0jg x13rtm0m x1jfb8zj x1beo9mf x3igimt xarpa2k x1n2onr6 x1qrby5j\" style=\"align-items: inherit; border-radius: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; place-content: inherit; position: relative; width: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x6s0dn4 xzolkzo x12go9s9 x1rnf11y xprq8jg x9f619 x3nfvp2 xl56j7k xv9rvxn xegnrdp x1wc42o8\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\" style=\"align-items: center; background-color: var(--positive); border-radius: 999px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; font-family: inherit; height: 9px; justify-content: center; width: 9px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1ey2m1c xds687c x17qophe xg01cxk x47corl x10l6tqk x13vifvy x1ebt8du x19991ni x1dhq9h xzolkzo x12go9s9 x1rnf11y xprq8jg\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\" role=\"none\" style=\"border-radius: 999px; font-family: inherit; inset: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x9f619 x1ja2u2z xzpqnlu x1hyvwdk x14bfe9o xjm9jq1 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x10l6tqk x1i1rx1s\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; clip-path: inset(50%); clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.0625rem; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px; z-index: 0;\"\u003EActive\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1iyjqo2\" style=\"flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\" style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: -5px; margin-top: -5px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h\" color=\"var(--secondary-text)\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Ch3 class=\"html-h3 x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1vvkbs x1heor9g x1qlqyl8 x1pd3egz x1a2a7pz x1gslohp x1yc453h\" id=\":r9c8:\" style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 4px 0px 0px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003EI remember a trial lawyer roundtable on Court TV in the early days of cable, F. Lee Bailey, Johnnie Cochran, and the flamboyant Gerry Spence. Spence told of his first trial, where he ripped the other side's witnesses up one side and down the other. Total annihilation.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x1pi30zi x1swvt13 x1iorvi4 xjkvuk6\" data-ad-comet-preview=\"message\" data-ad-preview=\"message\" id=\":r9ca:\" style=\"font-family: inherit; padding: 4px 16px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\" style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: -5px; margin-top: -5px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h\" color=\"var(--primary-text)\" dir=\"auto\" style=\"display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhwvir-aqnYgM_KsDSnC6bMmqFR1m54ECOMlOC28tpmBmD8OoKlYRoapq0y_uzLc5ctVRLOmcnefT1naL6JOqx8mZSKozJXUIKJk4MEWJ_JKkGxQbNJ1NlmsyvvVIromEbTMkYO_wCww2S9OfHchR4iIOFvZWXsJvnxdd_A1EhWC9zf1X7Ltjv0og\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"\" data-original-height=\"188\" data-original-width=\"183\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhwvir-aqnYgM_KsDSnC6bMmqFR1m54ECOMlOC28tpmBmD8OoKlYRoapq0y_uzLc5ctVRLOmcnefT1naL6JOqx8mZSKozJXUIKJk4MEWJ_JKkGxQbNJ1NlmsyvvVIromEbTMkYO_wCww2S9OfHchR4iIOFvZWXsJvnxdd_A1EhWC9zf1X7Ltjv0og\" width=\"234\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe jury came back against him. Incredulous, Spence got a chance to chat up one of the jurors--I won 17 ways to next Sunday, how on earth could I lose?? \u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe juror replied, Why did you make us hate you? Spence \u003Cspan class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"html-a xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\" style=\"color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit;\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003Esaid it was the greatest lesson he ever learned, one they didn't teach in law school.\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EVance came in with huge poll negatives, well underwater, the result of months of trashing by the Democrat media slime machine. Job One was not to destroy the avuncular Tim Walz, but to sell himself. Indeed, instead of leaping for Walz's throat, he passed up a gimme and used his first statement to \"introduce himself\" to the American people.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EAlthough he won conclusively on the issues, his real victory was having Walz eating out of his hand by the end instead of coming off like the monster the Dems had made him out to be. And managed to put the biased \"moderators\" in their place too, without leaving himself open to the charge of bullying women.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\" style=\"font-family: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003ERegardless of who they said \"won,\" the quickie polls had his favorable\/unfavorable numbers in the black. The Trump\/Vance ticket hardly needed more points for aggressiveness. Had he destroyed Uncle Tim Walz, any debate victory would have been Pyrrhic.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4916599033385864791\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=4916599033385864791","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/4916599033385864791"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/4916599033385864791"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/10\/on-winning-debates.html","title":"On Winning Debates"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Tom Van Dyke"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07121072404143877596"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"29","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg1P5VPg3XxeTa4ftr1tSmuYoK0pgT9KKZdK9CpNmzGiWBNfTfjmAIqUrAEAr2BM-3WqhuybFWM8nAiR7ixR-TZ1a38jklB_MR_bZ8xq7ddEBLc1-miXnzATuYjjaJWuw\/s80\/*"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhwvir-aqnYgM_KsDSnC6bMmqFR1m54ECOMlOC28tpmBmD8OoKlYRoapq0y_uzLc5ctVRLOmcnefT1naL6JOqx8mZSKozJXUIKJk4MEWJ_JKkGxQbNJ1NlmsyvvVIromEbTMkYO_wCww2S9OfHchR4iIOFvZWXsJvnxdd_A1EhWC9zf1X7Ltjv0og=s72-c","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-2381089372966837463"},"published":{"$t":"2024-09-27T06:56:00.011-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-09-27T06:58:31.374-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"A Message from ChatGPT"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EQuery\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E: Does\nthe Presidents of the United States hold an “office under the United States” as\nthat phrase is used in the United States Constitution?\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EChatGPT\nsaid:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe\nphrase “office under the United States” appears several times in the United\nStates Constitution, but it has been the subject of much legal interpretation,\nespecially regarding whether the President of the United States holds such an\noffice.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EArguments\nthat the President \u003Ci\u003Edoes\u003C\/i\u003E hold an “office under the United States”:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportLists]--\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E1.\u003Cspan style=\"font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPlain Meaning\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E: Some argue that \"office under the\nUnited States\" refers to any official position established by the\nConstitution or federal law. Since the presidency is a position established by\nthe Constitution, the argument follows that it is an office under the United\nStates.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportLists]--\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E2.\u003Cspan style=\"font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EArticle VI, Clause 3 (Oath of Office)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E: This clause\nrequires \"all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States\nand of the several States\" to take an oath to support the Constitution.\nThe President, as an executive officer, takes an oath, so some interpret this\nas evidence that the President holds an office under the United States.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportLists]--\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E3.\u003Cspan style=\"font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPrecedent and Practice\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E: In some\ncontexts, courts and legal scholars have argued that the President is covered\nby the phrase. For example, in cases relating to the Emoluments Clause (Article\nI, Section 9), some have argued that the President holds an \"office under\nthe United States\" and is therefore subject to the clause's restrictions.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\n\n\u003Chr align=\"center\" size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" \/\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EArguments\nthat the President \u003Ci\u003Edoes not\u003C\/i\u003E hold an “office under the United States”:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportLists]--\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E1.\u003Cspan style=\"font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EStructural Interpretation\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E: Others argue\nthat the phrase \"office under the United States\" refers only to\nappointed positions and does not include the presidency, which is an elected\nposition. The President is not appointed by any superior officer but is instead\ndirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College. This makes the\npresidency unique among federal positions.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportLists]--\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E2.\u003Cspan style=\"font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EConstitutional Distinctions\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E: Some\nconstitutional provisions explicitly distinguish the presidency from other\noffices. For example, the Impeachment Clause (Article II, Section 4) refers to\nthe \"President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United\nStates,\" suggesting that the President is distinct from those who hold\n\"civil offices.\" If the drafters of the Constitution intended the\nPresident to hold an \"office under the United States,\" they might\nhave included the President explicitly in such provisions.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportLists]--\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E3.\u003Cspan style=\"font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EHistorical Usage\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E: Historical debates and writings\nfrom the Founding era suggest that the Framers may have intended to exclude the\nPresident from the category of \"offices under the United States.\"\nThey often used \"officer\" to refer to appointed officials, while\nelected positions like the presidency were seen as distinct.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\n\n\u003Chr align=\"center\" size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" \/\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EConclusion:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe\nquestion of whether the President holds an \"office under the United\nStates\" is complex and context-dependent. There are arguments on both\nsides, with some interpretations suggesting that the phrase includes the\npresidency, while others maintain that the President, as an elected official,\nis not included.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EUltimately,\nthe answer depends on the specific constitutional provision in question and how\ncourts or scholars interpret the phrase in that context. The issue has been\ndebated in areas like the Emoluments Clause and the Disqualification Clause\n(14th Amendment, Section 3), but there is no definitive resolution that applies\nuniformly across all constitutional contexts.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EA Message from ChatGPT\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E,’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Sept. 27, 2024, 6:56 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/a-message-from-chatgpt.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/a-message-from-chatgpt.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/2381089372966837463\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=2381089372966837463","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2381089372966837463"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2381089372966837463"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/a-message-from-chatgpt.html","title":"A Message from ChatGPT"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-9051048516178959766"},"published":{"$t":"2024-09-03T16:38:00.039-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-09-04T09:13:03.382-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Some Thoughts on Scholarship on Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EDear Professor:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EI\nwill add the following, which largely restates what Professor Josh Blackman\nhas already stated in his e-mail, and what both Josh and I have written\n(separately and together) in past publications.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Officers\nof the United States” (as used in the United States Constitution) had a meaning\nduring 1787–1788. The phase “officers of the United States” extended to \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eappointed\n\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Efederal officers in the Executive and Judicial Branches, but it did not\nextend to any \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eelected \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Efederal positions. That meaning has\nremained settled from 1788 through the Civil War, into, during, and after\nReconstruction—including when Section 3 of the 14th Amendment was drafted,\npublicized, passed by Congress, and ratified [by the States]. The Supreme Court has adopted\nthis position in any number of cases, including \u003Ci\u003EMouat\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Ci\u003ESmith\u003C\/i\u003E, and\nin its more recent Appointments Clause cases, such as \u003Ci\u003EFree Enterprise Fund\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EDetermining\nthe meaning of “Office ... under the United States” (as used in the United\nStates Constitution) is more difficult. During 1787–1788, “Office ... under the\nUnited States” extended to \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eappointed \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Efederal officers in all\nthree branches, including the Legislative Branch, e.g., Clerk of the House,\nSecretary of the Senate, but it did not extend to any \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eelected \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Efederal\npositions. What “Office ... under the United States” meant from 1866, through\n1868, that is, from congressional passage of the 14th Amendment, through state\nratification, is another issue. It is possible that the meaning of “Office ...\nunder the United States” from 1787 through 1868 remained invariant. There is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Esome \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eevidence for this view. If so, the\npresidency is \u003Cb\u003ENOT \u003C\/b\u003Eamong the positions that a\nSection-3-barred defendant is precluded from holding. On the other hand, there\nis \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Esome \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eevidence that the meaning might have changed and expanded\nfrom 1787 to 1868. If so, if in 1868, a reasonable member of Congress,\nratifier, and member of the public understood “Office ... under the United\nStates” to include the presidency, then the presidency is a position that a\nSection-3-barred defendant is precluded from holding.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EJosh’s\nposition and my position is that the Constitution’s “Office ... under the United\nStates”-language did not include the presidency circa 1787–1788. But we take no\nposition whether the Constitution’s “Office ... under the United States”-language\nexcluded the presidency circa 1868. That phrase may have had the same meaning\nin 1868 as it had in 1787, or its meaning may have drifted from its 1787\nmeaning over the course of some 80 years. I wrote about the possibility of\nlinguistic draft with regard to the Constitution’s “Office ... under the United\nStates”-language as early as 2011. \u003Ci\u003ESee\u003C\/i\u003E Seth Barrett Tillman, Either\/Or:\nProfessors Zephyr Rain Teachout and Akhil Reed Amar—Contradictions and\nSuggested Reconciliation 69 n.119 (posted on SSRN: Dec. 11, 2011), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1970909\"\u003E\u003Cspan color=\"windowtext\" style=\"text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1970909\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\nI took that position in 2011, and I adhered to that precise position\nconsistently during the entirety of the Trump-related ballot-access Section-3\nlitigation. Whether the meaning of the Constitution’s “Office ... under the\nUnited States”-language remained static or drifted, between 1787 and 1868, is\nan exceedingly difficult interpretive issue, which one could study for a\nlifetime—only to conclude, at the end of many years’ research, that no definite\nanswer is possible. I will add that during the course of the recent Section-3\nlitigation, all too many academics, in law and other fields, and some judges, retired\nand on the bench [albeit, writing extra-judicially], who had never considered this\nissue and its (small) literature, after an exceedingly short of period of time\nto conduct research, decided that they were experts with deep knowledge. To put it another way, far too many expressed their conclusions with few reservations and with unusual confidence—of the sort usually reserved for circumstances where we have an extensive body of Supreme Court and other\nfederal decisions and a deep well of scholarship. Additionally, some all too readily asserted, without evidence and without embarassment, that their (21st century) deeply held moral intutions and expectations were the same as those who drafted, framed, and ratified the Fourteenth Amendment (in the 19th century). I do not think these people—independent\nof which side of the issue they took—set a good example for future scholars and\nlitigators.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EYou\nmight ask why do I take a (or, indeed, any) position in regard to the meaning\nof the Constitution’s “officer of the United States”-language in 1868, but not in\nregard to meaning of the Constitution’s “Office ... under the United States”-language\nin 1868. The reasons are as simple as they are clear. We have Supreme Court\ncases, scholarship, and other authorities, across the 19th century, before and\nafter 1868, opining on the Constitution\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Es “officers of the United States”-language, and also because the\nmeaning of “officers of the United States” was defined by the language of the\nAppointments Clause. Its meaning was fixed and determined by the document to\nwhich the 14th Amendment was added. There was no hard intellectual break or\ninterregnum. There was no \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003EYear Zero\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E; the Fourteenth Amendment was no \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003Etabula\nrasa\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBy\ncontrast, “Office ... under the United States” was a legal, genealogical\ndescendant of “Office ... under the Crown.” That language and its meaning was\nknown to the drafters of the Constitution of 1788 because it was in British\nstatutes, and coordinate colonial era charters, early state constitutions, and\ncolonial and state statutes, as well as in the Articles of Confederation. The\nFramers of 1787–1788 grew up with this phrase, and they well understood its\nmeaning. But by 1868, after political disunion with Great Britain, after our\nappeals were no longer taken to the Privy Council, after we established\nindependent bars and independent law schools [in lieu of the Inns of Court in London],\nafter about 80 years had passed, the public and those who drafted, passed in\nCongress, and ratified the Fourteenth Amendment in the States, during 1866\nthrough 1868, would no longer have had the same prior, formative experiences as\nthose who had Framed the original United States Constitution. Those latter-day\nReconstruction era Americans might have understood the same\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E“Office ... under the United States”-\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Elanguage\ndifferently from those who had framed the original Constitution of 1788.\nPerhaps you may remember that when we met for the first time, I was holding a\nbook? \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003ESee\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003EMary Patterson Clarke,\nParliamentary Privilege in the American Colonies\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E (Leonard W. Levy ed.,\nDa Capo Press 1971) (1943). Now you know why.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ELet\nme give you but one example of how difficult it is to find, discover, or\nrediscover the original public meaning of language akin to the Constitution’s “Office\n... under the United States”-language as used in Section 3. Professors Baude and Paulsen (posted on SSRN: Aug. 14, 2023) affirmed that the list of positions a Section-3-barred defendant is precluded\nfrom holding extends to membership in a state legislature. \u003Ci\u003ESee\u003C\/i\u003E \u003C\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4532751\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4532751\u003C\/a\u003E\u003E. Baude and Paulsen\nsaid the Constitution’s “Office … under any State”-language extends to being a\nmember of a state legislature. In 1995, in \u003Ci\u003EStanford Law Review\u003C\/i\u003E, Professors Akhil and Vikram Amar said a\nSection-3-barred defendant can hold a state legislative seat. In my opinion,\nneither pair of scholars offered much (if any) substantive support for their\ncontrary positions. And yet, throughout the Section-3 litigation, Akhil Amar\ncited Baude and Paulsen’s paper favourably, and vice versa. Do they even\nrealize that they are contradicting one another? If so, that realization is not\nreflected in their podcasts or scholarship. I wonder why?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EWhat\ndo you think: \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EIs a Section-3 barred defendant precluded from holding a\nstate legislative seat?\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E \u003Ci style=\"font-weight: bold;\"\u003EIs a state legislative seat an “Office …\nunder any State” as used in Section 3? \u003C\/i\u003EThe Amars said \u003Ci\u003Eno\u003C\/i\u003E; Baude and Paulsen said \u003Ci\u003Eyes\u003C\/i\u003E. They cannot both be correct. State legislatures were the driving force initiating secession and the political engine which funded the (purported) confederacy’s armies in the field. It is far more likely that this issue regarding state legislative seats had and has a determinate answer, and it is far more like that this issue was on the mind of Section 3’s drafters, framers, and ratifiers, than today’s questions: \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E“Is the President a Section-3 ‘officer of the United States’?”\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E“Is the presidency a Section-3 ‘Office ... under the United States’?”\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E. Some sources in the \u003Ci\u003Eno\u003C\/i\u003E camp include: \u003Ci\u003ESee, e.g.\u003C\/i\u003E, Editor, ‘Interesting Decision as to Disqualification Under the Fourteenth Amendment,’ [Richmond, Virginia] \u003Ci\u003EDaily Dispatch\u003C\/i\u003E, Mar. 5, 1869, at 3 (answering “no”); ‘Does the Fourteenth Amendment Exclude the Disqualified from a State Legislature,’ [Richmond, Virginia] \u003Ci\u003EDaily Dispatch\u003C\/i\u003E, Aug. 28, 1871, at 3 (same); ‘Does the Fourteenth Amendment Exclude the Disqualified from a State Legislature,’ \u003Ci\u003EWheeling\u003C\/i\u003E [West Virginia] \u003Ci\u003EDaily Register\u003C\/i\u003E, Aug. 30, 1871, at 4 (same); John Randolph Tucker, \u003Ci\u003EGeneral Amnesty\u003C\/i\u003E, 126 N. Am. Rev. 53, 55 (1878) (same), https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/i25110155. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESeth\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman, \u003Ci\u003ESome Thoughts on Scholarship on Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E (Sept. 3, 2024, 4:38 PM), \u003C\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/some-thoughts-on-scholarship-on-section.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/some-thoughts-on-scholarship-on-section.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E \n\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/9051048516178959766\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=9051048516178959766","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/9051048516178959766"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/9051048516178959766"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/some-thoughts-on-scholarship-on-section.html","title":"Some Thoughts on Scholarship on Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-903843546304808442"},"published":{"$t":"2024-09-03T09:04:00.007-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-10-11T03:03:53.366-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"A Letter to the Spectator (U.K.) on the American Civil War"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ELetter to the Editor\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003EThe Spectator\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E22 Old Queen Street\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ELondon, SW1H 9HP\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EEngland\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ERE: Amanda Foreman, ‘Towards Zero: the gruesome countdown to the American Civil War,’\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EThe Spectator\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;(10 August 2024), \u0026lt;\u003Ca data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.spectator.co.uk\/article\/towards-zero-the-gruesome-countdown-to-the-american-civil-war\/\u0026amp;source=gmail\u0026amp;ust=1724656735381000\u0026amp;usg=AOvVaw1JNAnV6xuF-bBqSgndoQIS\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spectator.co.uk\/article\/towards-zero-the-gruesome-countdown-to-the-american-civil-war\/\" style=\"color: #1155cc;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.spectator.co.uk\/\u003Cwbr\u003E\u003C\/wbr\u003Earticle\/towards-zero-the-\u003Cwbr\u003E\u003C\/wbr\u003Egruesome-countdown-to-the-\u003Cwbr\u003E\u003C\/wbr\u003Eamerican-civil-war\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Foreman wrote “South Carolina senator Preston Brooks beat[] the abolitionist campaigner Charles Sumner unconscious.” This is plainly error. Brooks was a member of the United States\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EHouse of Representatives\u003C\/i\u003E, not the Senate. Sumner, by contrast, was\u003Ci\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003Ea\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EUnited States Senator\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EForeman also wrote: Lincoln “insist[ed] he would defend the Union to his last breath while promising that slavery was safe in his hands.” In 1860, Lincoln’s and the Republican Party’s political programme was to contain slavery in the states where it already existed and, concomitantly, to preclude slavery from expanding into any of the federal territories (which were not then yet states which had congressional representation). Slavery was in no sense “safe in his hands.” And this policy, contra Foreman, was not “negotiable.” Likewise, Lincoln’s policy was grounded in his widely proclaimed belief that slavery was a moral wrong, and he believed that if slavery were contained it would be abandoned even in the slave states because their export market for slaves (that is, the federal territories) would have dried up.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Two lesser points. Foreman wrote: “Only two naval fortifications were still in Union hands by the time [Lincoln] took office.” That should have read “Only two naval fortifications\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Ein the South\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;were still in Union hands.” Likewise, Foreman wrote: “[G]iven the four-year conflict’s impact on society, and not just because of the immense death toll, which new estimates put as high as 750,000—[was] more than the losses from all other wars combined.” That should have read “more than the losses from all other\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EUnited States\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;wars combined.” And of course, you only reach the 750,000 estimate if you count confederate war dead. In estimating U.S losses in wars, other than the American Civil War, such estimates only include those fighting\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003Efor\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;the United States, and not those fighting\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003Eagainst\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;it.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EIs mise, le meas,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EA Letter to the Editor, \u003Ci\u003EResponding to Amanda\nForeman’s\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #1d2228; text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ETowards Zero: the gruesome countdown to the American Civil War\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #1d2228; text-align: left;\"\u003E’\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003EThe Spectator\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E (U.K.) (submitted circa August 2024) (Sept. 3, 2024, 9:04 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan color=\"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52)\" style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/letter-to-spectator-uk-on-american.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/letter-to-spectator-uk-on-american.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/903843546304808442\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=903843546304808442","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/903843546304808442"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/903843546304808442"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/letter-to-spectator-uk-on-american.html","title":"A Letter to the Spectator (U.K.) on the American Civil War"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-8208131999661473260"},"published":{"$t":"2024-09-02T10:53:00.011-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-09-02T11:08:05.690-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"An Irish Member of the European Parliament’s Response to Alternative for Germany’s recent state election victory"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQdghseAjuW6QAYChv0yWQCWLCFuqlZT0yueVdvLeRRW5ICUXGdo3IObk-VJ8Iby3za_sotJUTovDVTGyoB6MAAeQz0pe_N9h9ywuFomSrmxAtNQx0aZRuWYPZGS8Pm0C1HHghbk0UKgsZPxrtoPW25fVZjnQILXVKqlwe59JP8RT_PLU_iqMx\/s734\/luke%20ming%20flanagan%20sept%202%202024.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"478\" data-original-width=\"734\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQdghseAjuW6QAYChv0yWQCWLCFuqlZT0yueVdvLeRRW5ICUXGdo3IObk-VJ8Iby3za_sotJUTovDVTGyoB6MAAeQz0pe_N9h9ywuFomSrmxAtNQx0aZRuWYPZGS8Pm0C1HHghbk0UKgsZPxrtoPW25fVZjnQILXVKqlwe59JP8RT_PLU_iqMx\/w451-h267\/luke%20ming%20flanagan%20sept%202%202024.png\" width=\"451\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EWhat will this Member of the European Parliament (and, perhaps, other MEPs?) say should the wrong candidate win in the United States?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAn Irish Member of the European Parliament\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Es Response to Alternative for Germany’s recent state election victory\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Sept. 2, 2024, 10:53 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/an-irish-member-of-european-parliaments.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/an-irish-member-of-european-parliaments.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/8208131999661473260\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=8208131999661473260","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8208131999661473260"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8208131999661473260"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/09\/an-irish-member-of-european-parliaments.html","title":"An Irish Member of the European Parliament’s Response to Alternative for Germany’s recent state election victory"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQdghseAjuW6QAYChv0yWQCWLCFuqlZT0yueVdvLeRRW5ICUXGdo3IObk-VJ8Iby3za_sotJUTovDVTGyoB6MAAeQz0pe_N9h9ywuFomSrmxAtNQx0aZRuWYPZGS8Pm0C1HHghbk0UKgsZPxrtoPW25fVZjnQILXVKqlwe59JP8RT_PLU_iqMx\/s72-w451-h267-c\/luke%20ming%20flanagan%20sept%202%202024.png","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-7133246166127889034"},"published":{"$t":"2024-08-29T17:00:00.012-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-08-29T17:03:32.826-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Birth of An Academic Religion"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 141.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 141.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EUnder\nthe U.K.’s \u003Ci\u003EResearch Excellence Framework\u003C\/i\u003E, “each individual academic must\ngenerate something groundbreaking, paradigm-shifting and world-leading at least\nonce every 15 months. The simplest method for doing that are either to\ncriticise the most recent judgments to emit from the courts, or [to] subscribe\nto one of the academic cults which advance a particular worldview (autopoietic\ntheory, legal positivism and restitutionism are examples). A good academic, on\nthis model, should never praise judgments—because there is no research glory in\nsimply repeating what other people have said. There is no evidence of an acute\nintellect in simply acknowledging that someone else has done a perfectly reasonable\njob in resolving a dispute. To be a top-flight academic, it is said by some,\nyou must criticise, critique and carp. And when you have reached the top of the\npile you may choose to lose your head and advance a model or try to establish a\nreligion of your own. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EJust\nsuch a thing happened at the University of Oxford during the 1980s and\nthereafter. A new religion was born: the law of restitution. Its prophet was [the late] Professor\nPeter Birks . . . .\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThis\nnew theory about the organisation of English private law gave birth to a forest\nof doctoral theses, to a range of new textbooks, and even to an academic\njournal, the \u003Ci\u003ERestitution Law Review\u003C\/i\u003E. This was perfect for academics\nbecause it gave them a belief system with which to attack every judgment which\nhad ever been delivered in a court of equity and it also gave them a seed bed\nin which they could grow their precious, career-cultivating research projects.\nIt allowed them to criticise judgments and to subscribe to an academic\nreligion. The ‘restitutionists’—that is, the acolytes of this new religion at the\nUniversity of Oxford—were iconoclastically dismissive of the old ways of doing\nlaw and equity, they were evangelical, and they were passionate.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe above is an\nextract from: Alastair Hudson, \u003Ci\u003EEquity and Trusts\u003C\/i\u003E (10th edn, Routledge\n2022) 1094–95. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Birth of an Academic Religion,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Aug. 29, 2024, 5:00 PM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/the-birth-of-academic-religion.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/the-birth-of-academic-religion.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/7133246166127889034\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=7133246166127889034","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/7133246166127889034"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/7133246166127889034"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/the-birth-of-academic-religion.html","title":"The Birth of An Academic Religion"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-2546285673725863783"},"published":{"$t":"2024-08-28T08:19:00.003-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-08-28T08:20:09.874-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Tillman Randos"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ELiz Dye, ‘\u003Ci\u003ETake A Wild\nGuess Which Federal Judge Is Hosting Amici At A Motions Hearing?\u003C\/i\u003E,’ \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003EAbove the Law\u003C\/span\u003E (June 5, 2024, 2:43 PM),\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/abovethelaw.com\/2024\/06\/take-a-wild-guess-which-federal-judge-is-hosting-amici-at-a-motions-hearing\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/abovethelaw.com\/2024\/06\/take-a-wild-guess-which-federal-judge-is-hosting-amici-at-a-motions-hearing\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.62rem 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left;\"\u003E“\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Meese randos will be represented at the hearing by Gene Schaerr, of Schaerr Jaffe. The Tillman randos will be represented by Prof. Josh Blackman, of the South Texas College of Law. And Team WTF will be represented by Matthew Seligman, from Stanford and Stris \u0026amp; Maher LLP.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left;\"\u003E”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.62rem 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EMy response:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.62rem 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjswDV9vhOMXuDOEBB2BDdZkXkhY5OzZfgBrnG1JrJdnvZLd5_TdMJlC4DMZuiQrgUdGjoh8AzbERPKDShD9Ccyai30JoIqCCHnnqFN_-0_AqpAp3xFZzYn8yjbFQqI0u0r7cdAFyTrgRJtWOJO8kygJyllgeWEER7lnCsjrYi5nvGGJzqpwkAd\/s4032\/TILLMAN%20RANDOS.JPG\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"4032\" data-original-width=\"3024\" height=\"374\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjswDV9vhOMXuDOEBB2BDdZkXkhY5OzZfgBrnG1JrJdnvZLd5_TdMJlC4DMZuiQrgUdGjoh8AzbERPKDShD9Ccyai30JoIqCCHnnqFN_-0_AqpAp3xFZzYn8yjbFQqI0u0r7cdAFyTrgRJtWOJO8kygJyllgeWEER7lnCsjrYi5nvGGJzqpwkAd\/w374-h374\/TILLMAN%20RANDOS.JPG\" width=\"374\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.62rem 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.62rem 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003Ci\u003ETillman Randos\u003C\/i\u003E,’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Aug 28, 2024, 8:19 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/tillman-randos.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/tillman-randos.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, \u0026quot;PT Serif\u0026quot;, Georgia, Times, \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.62rem 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif; font-size: 13pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/2546285673725863783\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=2546285673725863783","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2546285673725863783"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2546285673725863783"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/tillman-randos.html","title":"Tillman Randos"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjswDV9vhOMXuDOEBB2BDdZkXkhY5OzZfgBrnG1JrJdnvZLd5_TdMJlC4DMZuiQrgUdGjoh8AzbERPKDShD9Ccyai30JoIqCCHnnqFN_-0_AqpAp3xFZzYn8yjbFQqI0u0r7cdAFyTrgRJtWOJO8kygJyllgeWEER7lnCsjrYi5nvGGJzqpwkAd\/s72-w374-h374-c\/TILLMAN%20RANDOS.JPG","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-2624006567979499410"},"published":{"$t":"2024-08-15T04:38:00.046-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-08-28T10:18:22.770-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":" A Year’s Changes to the Intellectual Landscape Governing Federal Litigation"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cblockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;In our American constitutional tradition, there\nare two distinct senses of self-execution:first, as a \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Eshield—\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Eor \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Ea defense\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E—and\nsecond, as a \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Esword—\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Eor \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Ea\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Etheory\nof liability \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Eor \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Ecause of action\nsupporting affirmative relief\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E. The former is customarily asserted as a\ndefense in an action brought by others; the latter is asserted offensively by\nan applicant seeking affirmative relief.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;For example, when the government sues or\nprosecutes a person, the defendant can argue that the Constitution prohibits\nthe government’s action. In other words, the Constitution is raised \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Edefensively\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E. In this first sense, the\nConstitution does not require any further legislation or action by Congress. In\nthese circumstances, the Constitution’s provisions, as [Professors] Baude and\nPaulsen write, are “self-executing.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cblockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;In the second sense, the Constitution is used \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Eoffensively\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E—\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Eas a theory of liability \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Eor\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003Ea cause of action supporting\naffirmative relief\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;\"\u003E. For example, a person goes to court and sues the\ngovernment, or its officers, for damages in relation to a breach of contract or\nin response to a constitutional tort committed by government actors. As a\ngeneral matter, to sue the federal government or its officers, a private\nindividual litigant must invoke a federal statutory cause of action. It is not\nenough to merely allege some unconstitutional state action in the abstract.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 107%;\"\u003EJosh Blackman \u0026amp; Seth\nBarrett Tillman\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 107%;\"\u003E,\u003Ci\u003E Sweeping\nand Forcing the President into Section 3\u003C\/i\u003E, 28(2) \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003ETex. Rev. L. \u0026amp; Pol\u003C\/span\u003E. 350 (forth. 2024) (posted on SSRN: \u003Cb\u003ESept. 19,\n2023\u003C\/b\u003E), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4568771\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4568771\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;. \u003Ci\u003ESee generally\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman, Letter from Seth Barrett Tillman to the\nHonorable Clarence Thomas on Suggested Sources for a Future Citation (May 31,\n2024), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4833465\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4833465\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt; (collecting other on-point 2023 \u0026amp; 2024 Blackman and Tillman publications and amicus briefs\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E—\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Eall prior to the Supreme Court\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E’s April 2024 decision in \u003Ci\u003EDeVillier v. Texas\u003C\/i\u003E).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; ---\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESimilarly, notwithstanding resuscitating the\n“self-execution” objection, Blackmail and Tillman recognize Section 3 has force\nof law without enabling legislation. See Blackman \u0026amp; Tillman, \u003Ci\u003Esupra\u003C\/i\u003E\nat 29 (“[T]he Fourteenth Amendment can be raised as a defense, even in the\nabsence of enforcement legislation”). The idea that Section 3 was enacted to\nserve as a “\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eshield\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E” to \u003Ci\u003Eprotect\u003C\/i\u003E insurrectionists and not a “\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Esword\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E” to\ndisqualify them absent further legislation runs headlong into history.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBrief of \u003Ci\u003EAmicus Curiae\u003C\/i\u003E Citizens\nfor Responsibility and Ethics in Washington at 13 n.8, Growe v. Simon,\nSecretary of State, and Republican Party of Minnesota, Civ. A. No. A23-1354, 2023\nWL 6883478 (Minn. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOct.\n6, 2023\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E) (emphases added to \u003Ci\u003Eshield \u003C\/i\u003Eand \u003Ci\u003Esword\u003C\/i\u003E). \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\n\n\n\n\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E---\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EProfessors Blackman and Tillman are thus wrong\nto suggest that the Fourteenth Amendment somehow distinguished or was meant to\ndistinguish between ‘positive’ (using the Amendment as a ‘sword’) and\n‘negative’ (using it as a ‘shield’) uses. Calling this an ‘American\nconstitutional tradition’ and claiming that the Fourteenth Amendment was meant\nto ‘be wielded as a shield without legislation’ but ‘not self-executing in\ncourt [for] … affirmative relief unless Congress provides for its enforcement’\nis \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Efar-fetched\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E to say the least. It is not a tradition and has no basis in the\nmany cases that were directly raised under the Fourteenth Amendment throughout\nthe late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Fourteenth Amendment was\ndirectly used as a sword and a shield for more than eighty years without need\nof a congressional enforcement mechanism. The generation that framed the\nFourteenth Amendment must have known all this. It would not have expected the\nFourteenth Amendment’s terms to lie moribund until Congress took action.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003EMark Brown,\u003Ci\u003E Trump and Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment: An\nExploration of Constitutional Eligibility\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"\u003EJurist\u003C\/span\u003E,\n\u003Cb\u003EOct. 12, 2023\u003C\/b\u003E, 10:05:50 PM, \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK55;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.jurist.org\/features\/2023\/10\/12\/trump-and-section-3-of-the-fourteenth-amendment-an-exploration-of-constitutional-eligibility\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.jurist.org\/features\/2023\/10\/12\/trump-and-section-3-of-the-fourteenth-amendment-an-exploration-of-constitutional-eligibility\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK55;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u0026gt; (emphasis added); \u003Ci\u003Eid\u003C\/i\u003E. (citing, e.g., Ann Woolhandler, \u003Ci\u003EThe Common Law Origins of Constitutionally Compelled Remedies\u003C\/i\u003E, 107\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-variant-caps: small-caps;\"\u003EYale L.J.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times;\"\u003E77 (1997)).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E---\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E[T]here is\nself-execution as a \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eshield\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E, allowing individuals to raise the\nConstitution defensively, in response to an action brought by a third party.\nSecond, there is self-execution as a \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Esword\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E—such as when individuals\ninvoke the Constitution in advancing a theory of liability or cause of action\nthat supports affirmative relief. When acting as a \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eshield\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E, the\nFourteenth Amendment is self-executing. The Fourteenth Amendment, however,\ncannot act as a self-executing \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Esword\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E; rather, an individual seeking\naffirmative relief under the Amendment must rely on legislation from Congress.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAnderson\nv. Griswold\u003C\/i\u003E,\n543 P.3d 283, 351 (Colo. \u003Cb\u003EDec. 19, 2023\u003C\/b\u003E) (\u003Cb\u003ESamour, J., dissenting\u003C\/b\u003E) (citation\nomitted) (bold added).\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 107%;\"\u003ESee generally\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 107%; text-align: left;\"\u003E \u003Ci\u003ETrump v. Anderson\u003C\/i\u003E, 601 U.S. 100 (Mar. 4, 2024) (per curiam),\n\u003Ci\u003Erev’g\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Ci\u003EAnderson v. Griswold\u003C\/i\u003E (Colo. 2023) (per curiam).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E---\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EWhether Section Three creates a federal cause\nof action is irrelevant in this case because the electors are using Colorado\nstate election law as their procedural vehicle. The sword\/shield metaphor may\nbe evocative, but here it simply confuses the issue. The Constitution is\nneither \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eweapon \u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003Enor \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Earmor\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E. It is law. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003EBrief\nof Amicus Curiae Professor Kermit Roosevelt in Support of Respondents at 4, Trump\nv. Anderson, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E601 U.S. 100 \u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003E(brief filed: \u003Cb\u003EJan. 30, 2024\u003C\/b\u003E) (No. 23-719), 2024 WL\n399941 (emphases added), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2zrujc89\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2zrujc89\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003E\u0026gt;. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E---\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn \u003Ci\u003EDeVillier v. Texas\u003C\/i\u003E, the Court stated: \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EConstitutional\nrights do not typically come with a built in cause of action to allow for\nprivate enforcement in courts. See \u003Ci\u003EEgbert v. Boule\u003C\/i\u003E, 596 U. S. 482,\n490–491 (2022). Instead, constitutional rights are generally invoked\n\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Edefensively \u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003Ein cases arising under other sources of law, or asserted\n\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eoffensively \u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003Epursuant to an independent cause of action designed for that\npurpose, see, \u003Ci\u003Ee.g\u003C\/i\u003E., 42 U. S. C. §1983.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003EDeVillier v. Texas\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E, 601 U.S. 285, 291 (\u003Cb\u003EApr. 16, 2024\u003C\/b\u003E) (Thomas, J., for a unanimous Court) (emphases added),\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/bdj8a9du\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/bdj8a9du\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EAll this happened in a span of about seven months. I find it striking that the \u003Ci\u003EDeVillier\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;Court put forward its position absent any prior Supreme Court authority, other judicial authority, or, even, any scholarly authority. Is it possible that the unanimous Court believed its position entirely obvious?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E---------------------\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EA Year’s Changes to the Intellectual Landscape Governing Federal Litigation\u003C\/i\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E (Aug. 15, 2024, 4:38 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/a-years-changes-to-intellectual.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/a-years-changes-to-intellectual.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u0026gt;.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ESee also\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003ESeth\nBarrett Tillman, Letter from Seth Barrett Tillman to the Honorable Clarence\nThomas on Suggested Sources for a Future Citation (May 31, 2024),\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4833465\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4833465\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ECompare\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003EJosh Blackman \u0026amp; Seth Barrett Tillman\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Ci style=\"outline: none;\"\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Ci style=\"outline: none;\"\u003ESweeping and Forcing the President into Section 3\u003C\/i\u003E,\u0026nbsp;28(2)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-caps: small-caps;\"\u003ETex. Rev. L. \u0026amp; Pol.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E350 (forth. circa Sept. 2024) (originally posted, on SSRN, on Sept. 19, 2023), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\"yiv6334365243enhancr_card_5693974877\" href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4568771\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" style=\"outline: none;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ESweeping and Forcing the President into Section 3\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003Ewith\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"outline: none;\"\u003EWilliam Baude \u0026amp; Michael Stokes Paulsen\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; outline: none;\"\u003E, \u003Ci style=\"outline: none;\"\u003ET\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"outline: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"outline: none;\"\u003Ehe Sweep and Force of Section Three\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"outline: none;\"\u003E, 172\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-caps: small-caps;\"\u003EU. Pa. L. Rev.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E605 (2024).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/2624006567979499410\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=2624006567979499410","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2624006567979499410"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2624006567979499410"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/a-years-changes-to-intellectual.html","title":" A Year’s Changes to the Intellectual Landscape Governing Federal Litigation"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-187117889496616818"},"published":{"$t":"2024-08-13T08:35:00.013-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-08-15T02:08:22.827-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Tillman on Today’s Speech Monitors: A Letter to the Editor in ‘The Irish Times’"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman, Associate Professor\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: black;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EMaynooth University School of Law and Criminology\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E(\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eacademic title \u0026amp; affiliation for\nidentification purposes only\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E)\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E13 August 2024\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black;\"\u003EThe Irish Times\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ELetters\nto the Editor\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003Elettersed@irishtimes.com\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ERE: Fintan O’Toole,\n‘Musk is the Pablo Escobar of toxic disinformation’ \u003Ci\u003EThe Irish Times\u003C\/i\u003E (Dublin,\n13 August 2024) 12.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EFintan\nO’Toole’s solution for what ails these islands is that Elon Musk be “held\npersonally to the same standards of criminal justice” as others. Here, O’Toole\nrecommends state imposed criminal sanctions for Musk’s speech and for Musk’s permitting\nothers to speak on Twitter (now X). But O’Toole never explains what specific\nspeech by Musk is at issue, and more importantly, what specific Irish or EU law\nwas violated by that speech. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EOrwell’s \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E1984\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E was a\nperiod piece. It was fiction describing a dystopic future. For O’Toole, and\nother speech monitors, \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E1984\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E is a how-to guide for running today’s\nsociety. Perhaps, the greater danger is elsewhere?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003EIs mise, le meas,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003ESeth Barrett\nTillman\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003Ci\u003ETillman on Today\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003Es Speech Monitors\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ci\u003E: A Letter to the Editor in The Irish Times\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E (Aug. 13, 2024, 8:35 AM), [\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/tillman-on-todays-speech-monitors.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/tillman-on-todays-speech-monitors.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E], \u003Ci\u003Ein \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Irish Times\u003C\/b\u003E (Aug. 15, 2024, 12:05 AM), [\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/letters\/2024\/08\/15\/elon-musk-and-free-speech\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/letters\/2024\/08\/15\/elon-musk-and-free-speech\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E].\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/187117889496616818\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=187117889496616818","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/187117889496616818"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/187117889496616818"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/tillman-on-todays-speech-monitors.html","title":"Tillman on Today’s Speech Monitors: A Letter to the Editor in ‘The Irish Times’"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-3197621256801195372"},"published":{"$t":"2024-08-02T04:25:00.009-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-08-02T04:31:07.945-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Never Strike the Stone"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EBy\nand bye, strolling out of the banquet room into the temple grounds, Liu Bei\ncame to a boulder. Drawing his sword he looked up to heaven and prayed, saying,\n“If I am to Jingzhou and achieve my intent to become a chief\nruler, then may I cleave this boulder asunder with my sword. But if I am to\nmeet my doom in this place, then may the sword fail to cut this stone.”\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ERaising\nhis sword he smote the boulder. Sparks flew in all directions, and the boulder\nlay split in twain. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EIt\nhappened that Sun Quan had seen the blow, and he said, “Why do you thus hate\nthat stone?” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ELiu\nBei replied, “I am near my fifth decade and have so far failed to rid the state\nof evil. I greatly regret my failure. Now I have been accepted by the Dowager\nas her son-inlaw, and this is a critical moment in my life. So I implored of\nHeaven a portent that I might destroy Cao Cao as I would that boulder and\nrestore the dynasty. You saw what happened.” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“That\nis only to deceive me,” thought Sun Quan. Drawing his own sword, he said, “And\nI also ask of Heaven an omen, that if I am to destroy Cao Cao, I may also cut\nthis rock.” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESo\nhe spoke. But in his secret heart he prayed, “If I am to recover Jingzhou and\nextend my borders, may the stone be cut in twain.” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EHe\nsmote the stone and it split in twain. And to this day there are cross cuts in\nthe stone, which is still preserved.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EOne\nwho saw this relic wrote a poem:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe\nshining blades fell and the rock was shorn through,\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe\nmetal rang clear and the sparks widely flew.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThus\nfate then declared for the dynasties two\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EAnd\nthe tripartite rule there began.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFrom:\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: #fcf4f7;\"\u003ELuo Guanzhong,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"background-color: #fcf4f7;\"\u003ERomance of the Three Kingdoms\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: #fcf4f7;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;257\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E–\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: #fcf4f7; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E59 (Charles Henry Brewitt-Taylor, trans., 1925) (first printed version circa 1522).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: #fcf4f7;\"\u003EI wonder if this passage from \u003Ci\u003EThree Kingdoms\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003Ewas in some fashion influenced by the Bible?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003ENever Strike the Stone\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003ENew Reform Club \u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E(Aug. 2, 2024, 4:25 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/never-strike-stone.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/never-strike-stone.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/3197621256801195372\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=3197621256801195372","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/3197621256801195372"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/3197621256801195372"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/never-strike-stone.html","title":"Never Strike the Stone"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-8200554066681054167"},"published":{"$t":"2024-07-22T15:15:00.013-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-07-22T15:20:40.061-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Fact or Fiction?: Thinking Outside the Box"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EU.S.\nDepartment of Justice Prosecutor Hur: Biden will appear to a jury as an “elderly\nman with a poor memory.”\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EBiden:\nMy memory is fine.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EBiden’s\nWhite House staff: You are behind in the polls.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EBiden’s\nCounsel: If Trump is elected, the next Attorney General may prosecute you for absconding with\ngovernment documents.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EBiden\nin Public: I have decided not to run again.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EBiden\namong his lawyers and counsellors: My memory is poor—meaning: the Government\ncannot prosecute me—I have no memory, so I cannot meaningfully participate in my\nown criminal defense.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe\nPress: In giving up a second term in office, Biden’s motives are entirely laudatory, publicly\nspirited, altruistic, and patriotic. Nothing like self-interest involved here.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EChief\nWiggum: Nothing to see, move along.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003Ci\u003EFact or Fiction?:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThinking Outside the Box\u003C\/i\u003E,\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E (July 22, 2024, 3:15 PM), \u0026lt;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/07\/thinking-outside-box.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/07\/thinking-outside-box.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/8200554066681054167\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=8200554066681054167","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8200554066681054167"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8200554066681054167"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/07\/thinking-outside-box.html","title":"Fact or Fiction?: Thinking Outside the Box"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-4436962223100597915"},"published":{"$t":"2024-05-30T06:02:00.014-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-05-30T14:22:45.096-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"“By Unlawful Means” and Jury Instructions"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn \u003Ci\u003EState\nv. Purcell\u003C\/i\u003E, 884 S.E.2d 181 (N.C. App. 2023) (Zachary, J.),\u003Ca href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\" style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn1;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportFootnotes]--\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 107%;\"\u003E[1]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;in a discussion about jury instructions, the North Carolina Court\nof Appeals explained:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EFinally, Defendant\nmaintains that the trial court erred in its conspiracy instruction because the\n“instruction allowed the jury to convict [Defendant] of conspiracy based on one\nof two different victims, in violation of the unanimity requirement” for jury\nverdicts. This argument is also inapt.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EOur State\nConstitution provides that “[n]o person shall be convicted of any crime but by\nthe unanimous verdict of a jury in open court[.]” N.C. Const. art. I, § 24. “To\nconvict a defendant, the jurors must unanimously agree that the State has\nproven beyond a reasonable doubt each and every essential element of the crime\ncharged.” \u003Ci\u003EState v. Jordan\u003C\/i\u003E, 305 N.C. 274, 279, 287 S.E.2d 827, 831\n(1982). A “disjunctive instruction, which allows the jury to find a defendant\nguilty if he commits either of two underlying acts, \u003Ci\u003Eeither of which is in\nitself a separate offense\u003C\/i\u003E, is \u003Cb\u003Efatally ambiguous\u003C\/b\u003E because it is impossible to\ndetermine whether the jury unanimously found that the defendant committed one\nparticular offense.” \u003Ci\u003EState v. Lyons\u003C\/i\u003E, 330 N.C. 298, 302–03, 412 S.E.2d\n308, 312 (1991). However, “if the trial court merely instructs the jury\ndisjunctively as to various alternative acts \u003Ci\u003Ewhich will establish an element\nof the offense\u003C\/i\u003E, the requirement of unanimity is satisfied.” \u003Ci\u003EId\u003C\/i\u003E. at\n303, 412 S.E.2d at 312.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EHere, the trial\ncourt’s instructions allowed the jury to find Defendant guilty of conspiracy to\ncommit robbery with a dangerous weapon if it found that he conspired to rob\neither Mr. Locklear or Mr. Strong with a dangerous weapon. Because either of\nthese alternative acts established the elements of a conspiracy—that is, “an\nagreement between two or more persons to do an unlawful act or to do a lawful\nact in an unlawful way or by unlawful means[,]” \u003Ci\u003ECox\u003C\/i\u003E, 375 N.C. at 169,\n846 S.E.2d at 485—the requirement of jury unanimity was satisfied, \u003Ci\u003Esee Lyons\u003C\/i\u003E,\n330 N.C. at 303, 412 S.E.2d at 312. In that the jury was able to return a\nunanimous guilty verdict regarding “each and every essential element of the\n[conspiracy] charged[,]” \u003Ci\u003EJordan\u003C\/i\u003E, 305 N.C. at 279, 287 S.E.2d at 831,\nthis argument is overruled.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EId\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;(bold added) (italics in the original).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EJudge\nMerchan’s jury instructions are not consistent with the \u003Ci\u003EPurcell\u003C\/i\u003E\nstandard. Judge Merchan has permitted the jury to convict based on a violation\nof N.Y. Election Law Section 17-152. \u003Ci\u003ESee \u003C\/i\u003EJudge Merchan, Jury Instructions\nat 43, \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3c923hsb\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/\u003Cspan style=\"text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003Etinyurl.com\/3c923hsb\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;. Conviction under\nSection 17-152 requires a predicate violation: a violation of other law, that\nis, so-called “unlawful means.” Merchan’s jury instructions state: \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EAlthough you must\nconclude unanimously that the defendant conspired to promote or prevent the\nelection of any person to a public office by unlawful means, you need not be unanimous\nas to what those unlawful means were.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn determining\nwhether the defendant conspired to promote or prevent the election of any\nperson to a public office by unlawful means, you may consider the following\nunlawful means: (1) violations of the Federal Election Campaign Act otherwise\nknown as FECA; (2) the falsification of other business records; or (3)\nviolation of tax laws.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EJudge\nMerchan, Jury Instructions at 44. It seems: Merchan’s jury instructions do\nexactly what the North Carolina appellate court forbade. Here, the disjunctive elements are themselves individual legal violations, and so, each such alleged violation separately requires unanimity.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EDoes anyone know any positive\nlaw or case law, controlling or persuasive, supporting Merchan’s jury\ninstructions? \u003Ci\u003ESee generally U.S. v. Gipson\u003C\/i\u003E, 553 F.2d 453 (5th Cir. 1977); \u003Ci\u003EState v. Edwards\u003C\/i\u003E, 10 Conn. App. 503,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E512–13\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Conn. App. 1987)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E(“The\ndefendant claims that this situation required the court specifically to\ninstruct the jurors that they had to agree unanimously on which, if either, of\nthe acts was committed by the defendant. . . . Such a charge is required if (1)\n\u003Ci\u003Ea jury is instructed that the commission of any one of several alternative\nactions \u003Cb\u003Ewould \u003C\/b\u003Esubject the defendant to criminal liability\u003C\/i\u003E, (2) the actions are\nconceptually different and (3) the state has presented evidence on each of the\nalternatives.” (citing \u003Ci\u003EGipson\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Ci\u003Esupra\u003C\/i\u003E) (footnote omitted) (bold and italics added).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth\nBarrett Tillman, ‘“\u003Ci\u003EBy Unlawful Means” and Jury Instructions\u003C\/i\u003E,’ \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"\u003ENew Reform Club \u003C\/span\u003E(May 30, 2024, 6:02 AM),\n\u0026lt;\u003Cspan color=\"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52)\" style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/05\/by-unlawful-means-and-jury-instructions.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/05\/by-unlawful-means-and-jury-instructions.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003EGlenn Reynolds, ‘\u003Ci\u003ESETH\nBARRETT TILLMAN: “By Unlawful Means” and Jury Instructions\u003C\/i\u003E,’ \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003EInstapundit\u003C\/span\u003E (May 30, 2024, 8:58 AM),\n\u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/instapundit.com\/650592\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv style=\"mso-element: footnote-list;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportFootnotes]--\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr clear=\"all\" \/\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Chr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"ftn1\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\"\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoFootnoteText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn1;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if !supportFootnotes]--\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 107%;\"\u003E[1]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C!--[endif]--\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E See N.C. R.A.P Rule 30(e)(3).\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif; font-size: 13pt;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4436962223100597915\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=4436962223100597915","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/4436962223100597915"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/4436962223100597915"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/05\/by-unlawful-means-and-jury-instructions.html","title":"“By Unlawful Means” and Jury Instructions"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-1223661716699326393"},"published":{"$t":"2024-05-02T10:13:00.012-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-05-02T13:15:31.971-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"A Twitter Post from the Political and Communications Director of a Political Party in Ireland"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgV9N9BeaBetJ0TrCP-J5PPSIkvq0K14n3Fo-qsJSfNbtLiG0XMfoFwGuf44-fQ8ShiNycL1h7qoUTrHBoM6ndXVRqVt_CNqUhzmjWcJUAxGdDTlPBf7skIPf-9E9Qsq7OkoIDObHVIt_dvsW6C0-UQRMhbvgtEA5xM3uqJQIENIAAd_JhGh7K-\/s931\/colette%20browne.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"931\" data-original-width=\"633\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgV9N9BeaBetJ0TrCP-J5PPSIkvq0K14n3Fo-qsJSfNbtLiG0XMfoFwGuf44-fQ8ShiNycL1h7qoUTrHBoM6ndXVRqVt_CNqUhzmjWcJUAxGdDTlPBf7skIPf-9E9Qsq7OkoIDObHVIt_dvsW6C0-UQRMhbvgtEA5xM3uqJQIENIAAd_JhGh7K-\/w426-h352\/colette%20browne.jpg\" width=\"426\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EColette Browne: “In the latest evidence of this hellsite being a racist\nsewer, the vast majority of posts about Newtownmountkennedy [in Ireland] are coming from….\nthe United States.” What did that poet say: \u003Ci\u003EIf someone tells you who they are ... believe them\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EColette Browne: \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/colettebrowne\/status\/1785976025978970182\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/twitter.com\/colettebrowne\/status\/1785976025978970182\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman, ‘\u003Ci\u003EA Twitter Post from the Political and Communications Director of a Political Party in Ireland\u003C\/i\u003E,’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(May 2, 2024, 10:13 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/05\/a-twitter-post-from-political-and.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/05\/a-twitter-post-from-political-and.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/1223661716699326393\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=1223661716699326393","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/1223661716699326393"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/1223661716699326393"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/05\/a-twitter-post-from-political-and.html","title":"A Twitter Post from the Political and Communications Director of a Political Party in Ireland"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgV9N9BeaBetJ0TrCP-J5PPSIkvq0K14n3Fo-qsJSfNbtLiG0XMfoFwGuf44-fQ8ShiNycL1h7qoUTrHBoM6ndXVRqVt_CNqUhzmjWcJUAxGdDTlPBf7skIPf-9E9Qsq7OkoIDObHVIt_dvsW6C0-UQRMhbvgtEA5xM3uqJQIENIAAd_JhGh7K-\/s72-w426-h352-c\/colette%20browne.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-4484142770277139078"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-27T14:57:00.011-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-28T06:24:36.839-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Jurisdiction Stripping in Revolutionary France According to Edmund Burke’s Reflections (1790)"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EJurisdiction\nStripping in Revolutionary France According to Edmund Burke’s\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EReflections on the Revolution in France\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E(1790):\u003Cu\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EIt is curious to\nobserve that the administrative bodies are carefully exempted from the\njurisdiction of these new [revolutionary] tribunals. That is, those persons are exempted from\nthe power of the laws who ought to be the most entirely submitted to them.\nThose who execute public pecuniary trusts ought of all men to be the most\nstrictly held to their duty. One would have thought that it must have been\namong your earliest cares, if you did not mean that those administrative bodies\nshould be real, sovereign, independent states, to form an awful tribunal, like\nyour late parliaments, or like our king’s bench, where all corporate officers\nmight obtain protection in the legal exercise of their functions, and would\nfind coercion if they trespassed against their legal duty. But the cause of the\nexemption is plain. These administrative bodies are the great instruments of\nthe present leaders in their progress through democracy to oligarchy. \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThey\nmust, therefore, be put above the law.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E It will be said that the legal [revolutionary] tribunals\nwhich you have made are unfit to coerce them [that is, the administrative bodies]. They are, undoubtedly. They are\nunfit for any rational purpose. It will be said, too, that the administrative\nbodies will be accountable to the General Assembly. This I fear is talking\nwithout much consideration of the nature of that Assembly, or of these\ncorporations. However, to be subject to the pleasure of that Assembly is not to\nbe subject to law either for protection or for constraint.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EId\u003C\/i\u003E. (emphasis added).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E-------------------\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth\nBarrett Tillman, ‘\u003Ci\u003EJurisdiction Stripping in Revolutionary France According to\nEdmund Burke’s \u003C\/i\u003EReflections\u003Ci\u003E (1790)\u003C\/i\u003E,’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E (Mar. 27,\n2024, 2:57 PM), \u0026lt;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/jurisdiction-stripping-in-revolutionary.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/jurisdiction-stripping-in-revolutionary.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E[N\/B: Outside the United States, jurisdiction-stripping provisions in statutes are known as ouster clauses or privative clauses.]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4484142770277139078\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=4484142770277139078","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/4484142770277139078"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/4484142770277139078"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/jurisdiction-stripping-in-revolutionary.html","title":"Jurisdiction Stripping in Revolutionary France According to Edmund Burke’s Reflections (1790)"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-2321040954158579882"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-27T08:41:00.006-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-27T09:01:31.125-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Was an Appeal Possible in Ex parte Merryman?"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EProfessor Vladeck wrote:\n“But perhaps reflecting some doubt as to the legal arguments, Lincoln did not\nappeal Taney’s decision to the full Court.” \u003Ci\u003ESee\u003C\/i\u003E Steve Vladeck, \u003Ci\u003E65.\nLincoln, Taney, and Ex parte Merryman\u003C\/i\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"\u003EOne\nFirst\u003C\/span\u003E (Feb. 5, 2024), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/stevevladeck.substack.com\/p\/65-lincoln-taney-and-ex-parte-merryman\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/stevevladeck.substack.com\/p\/65-lincoln-taney-and-ex-parte-merryman\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\n\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThere are any number\nof reasons explaining why Lincoln, the Executive Branch, the Army, and General\nCadwalader (the actual named defendant) took no appeal. The primary reason is\nthat no appeal, by them, was possible. Cadwalader was the prevailing party in \u003Ci\u003EMerryman\u003C\/i\u003E,\nand under the aggrieved party rule, only the non-prevailing party (that is, John\nMerryman) may seek an appeal. \u003Ci\u003ESee\u003C\/i\u003E Seth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EEx\nparte\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;Merryman\u003Ci\u003E: Myth, History, and Scholarship\u003C\/i\u003E, 224 M\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"\u003Eil. L. Rev. \u003C\/span\u003E481\u0026nbsp;(2016) (peer\nreview),\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2646888\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2646888\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\n\u003Ci\u003Esee also \u003C\/i\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u003Ci\u003E\u0026nbsp;Merryman Redux: A Response to\nProfessor John Yoo\u003C\/i\u003E, 22 \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"\u003EChap. L. Rev.\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;1\n(2019), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3213353\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3213353\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\n\u003Ci\u003ESee generally \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EWhat Court (if\nany) Decided Ex parte Merryman?—A Correction for Justice Sotomayor (and others)\u003C\/i\u003E,\n13 \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"\u003EBr. J. Am. Leg. Studies\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;43\u0026nbsp;(2024)\n(peer review), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4157572\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4157572\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4157572\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn\n2016, I wrote:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; text-align: left;\"\u003E“\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe\nthird \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMerryman\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E myth is that Lincoln could have (and should have)\nupheld rule of law values by seeking clarity from the courts by appealing\nTaney’s \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMerryman\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E decision to the (full) United States Supreme\nCourt. However, this was not feasible. In the context of a habeas action, if\nthe decision had been in chambers, the prevailing view is that there was no\nroute to appeal to the full Court. Moreover, even if the court which heard \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMerryman\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\nwas the Circuit Court for the District of Maryland, or even if an appeal could\nbe taken to the full Court from an otherwise jurisdictionally sound in-chambers\nhabeas decision, Cadwalader, the government, and Lincoln could have taken no\nsuch appeal in \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMerryman\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. Why? Merryman had brought a habeas\ncorpus proceeding seeking a judicial order compelling Cadwalader to release him.\nTaney never issued any such order against Cadwalader (or against anyone else).\nAs such, Merryman was the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Enonprevailing\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E party, and only he was\nentitled to take an appeal (assuming any such appeal was authorized by statute\nor otherwise permitted). Cadwalader—as odd as it sounds—was the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eprevailing\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\nparty in \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMerryman\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E, and in the American system of justice, absent\nspecial circumstances, only a nonprevailing party, i.e., only a party aggrieved\nby a judicial \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eorder\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (not by an \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eopinion\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E) may take an\nappeal.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; text-align: left;\"\u003E”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11; font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman, \u003Ci\u003EEx\nparte\u003C\/i\u003E Merryman\u003Ci\u003E: Myth, History, and\nScholarship\u003C\/i\u003E, 224 \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003EMil. L. Rev. 481,\n506–08 \u003C\/span\u003E(2016) (peer review) (footnotes omitted) (emphases in the original).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E------------------------------------------\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;\"\u003ESeth\nBarrett Tillman, ‘Was an Appeal Possible in \u003Ci\u003EEx parte Merryman\u003C\/i\u003E?,’ \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/span\u003E (Mar. 27, 2024,\u0026nbsp; 8:41 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/was-appeal-possible-in-ex-parte-merryman.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/was-appeal-possible-in-ex-parte-merryman.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/2321040954158579882\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=2321040954158579882","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2321040954158579882"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/2321040954158579882"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/was-appeal-possible-in-ex-parte-merryman.html","title":"Was an Appeal Possible in Ex parte Merryman?"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-8914257072636025980"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-18T12:12:00.078-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-10-27T09:25:56.632-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Briefs, Other Filings, and Related Media in United States v. Donald J. Trump (S.D. Fla.) and (11th Cir.) and, perhaps, later (U.S.)"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003ES.D. Fla. Electronic Docket and Filings: \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003E11th Circuit Electronic Docket and Filings: \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOrder, \u003Ci\u003EUnited States v. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECase No. 9:23-cr-80101(s)-AMC-BER (S.D. Fla. June 4, 2024) (Cannon, J.),\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EECF No. 604 (granting Tillman\/Landmark Legal Foundation's motion, and giving Professor Blackman 30 minutes of argument time), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMotion\nfor Leave of Professor Seth Barrett Tillman and Landmark Legal Foundation to\nParticipate in Oral Argument as \u003Ci\u003EAmici Curiae \u003C\/i\u003EOral Argument in Support of\nDefendant Trump’s Motion to Dismiss the Indictment [ECF No. 326], \u003Ci\u003EUnited States v. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E, Case No. 9:23-cr-80101(s)-AMC-BER\n(S.D. Fla. May 31, 2024) (filed by Professor Josh Blackman \u0026amp; Michael Adam\nSasso, Esq.), \u003Cspan\u003EECF No. 590, 2024 WL\u0026nbsp;2024 WL 2833495, \u003C\/span\u003E\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4837841\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4837841\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;,\n\u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBrief\nof Professor Seth Barrett Tillman and Landmark Legal Foundation as \u003Ci\u003EAmici\nCuriae \u003C\/i\u003Ein Support of Defendant Trump’s Motion to Dismiss the Indictment, \u003Ci\u003EUnited\nStates v. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E, Case No. 9:23-cr-80101-AMC-BER (S.D. Fla. Mar. 2024)\n(filed by Professor Josh Blackman \u0026amp; Michael Adam Sasso, Esq.), \u003Cspan\u003EECF No. 410,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E2024 WL 1214430,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4755563\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4755563\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;,\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EECF No. 411 (issuing an order granting Tillman\/Landmark’s\u0026nbsp;motion to file an amicus brief, and also granting parties an opportunity to respond by Thursday, April 4, 2024),\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003EBrief by\nConstitutional Lawyers, Former Government Officials, and State Democracy\nDefenders Action as \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003EAmici Curiae \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003Ein Opposition to\nDefendant Donald J. Trump’s Motion to Dismiss the Indictment Based on the\nUnlawful Appointment and Funding of Special Counsel Jack Smith [ECF NO. 326] at\n2, 12, and 15, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003EUnited States of\nAmerica v. Donald J. Trump\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003E, Case No. 23-80101-CR-CANNON-REINHART\n(S.D. Fla. Apr. 3, 2024) (filed by Christina Alonso and Matthew Seligman) (citing\nBlackman\/Tillman amicus brief), ECF No. 429,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E2024 WL 1469802\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E, \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3bv3tszm\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3bv3tszm\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;\"\u003EGovernment’s\nResponse to Professor Seth Barrett Tillman, et al., Amici Curiae Brief in\nSupport of Donald J. Trump’s Motion to Dismiss Based on the Appointment of the\nSpecial Counsel at 1, 3, 5–7, \u003Ci\u003EUnited States of America v. Donald J. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E,\nCase No. 23-80101-CR-CANNON(s) (S.D. Fla. Apr. 4, 2024) (filed by Special\nCounsel Jack Smith) (citing Blackman\/Tillman amicus brief), ECF No. 432,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;\"\u003E2024\nWL 1490604\u003C\/span\u003E, \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3kju33w4\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;\"\u003EOrder Setting Second Set of Pre-Trial Deadlines\/Hearings at 2 n.3,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003EUnited States of America v. Donald J. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E, Case No. 9:23-cr-80101-AMC (S.D. Fla. May 7, 2024) (\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E“\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EAny \u003Ci\u003Eamici \u003C\/i\u003Ewishing to present oral argument during this hearing must seek leave of Court to do \nso no later than June 3, 2024\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E”\u003C\/span\u003E), ECF No. 530, \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2z7eaaet\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2z7eaaet\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smallcaps1\" style=\"text-indent: -36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Cb\u003EOPINION\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E:\u0026nbsp;United\nStates v. Trump, Case No. 9:23-cr-80101-AMC, 2024 WL 3404555, --- F. Supp. 3d\n----, slip op. at 81 n.60, 84 n.63 (S.D. Fla. July 15, 2024) (Cannon, J.), ECF\nNo. 672 (citing Blackman\/Tillman \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smallcaps1\" style=\"text-indent: -36pt;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003Eamicus\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smallcaps1\" style=\"text-indent: -36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003E brief), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/hk4z7e76\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/tinyurl.com\/hk4z7e76\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILINGS\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBrief for the United States,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003EUnited States of America v. Donald J. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E,\u0026nbsp;Case No. 24-12311-J (11th Cir. Aug. 26, 2024), ECF No. 18,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E2024 WL 4010284,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBrief of Amici Curiae Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington Supporting Appellant United States of America and Reversal of Judgment, \u003Ci\u003EUnited States of America v. Donald J. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E,\u0026nbsp;Case No. 24-12311-J (11th Cir. Sept. 3, 2024), ECF No. 25-2,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E2024 WL 4042248,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003EBrief of Amici Constitutional Lawyers, Former Government Officials, and State Democracy Defenders Action Supporting Appellant United States of America and Reversal of Judgment\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003EUnited States of America v. Donald J. Trump\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003E, Case No.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: black;\"\u003E24-12311-J (11th Cir. Sept. 3, 2024), ECF No. 27-3,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E2024 WL 4069363,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: black;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EMotion\nfor Leave to File Brief of \u003Ci\u003EAmici Curiae \u003C\/i\u003ERobert W. Ray, Professor Seth\nBarrett Tillman, and Landmark Legal Foundation, Supporting Defendants-Appellees\nDonald J. Trump, Waltine Nauta, and Carlos De Oliveira, \u003Ci\u003EUnited States v.\nTrump\u003C\/i\u003E, Case No. 24-12311-J (11th Cir. Oct. 1, 2024) (filed by Professor\nJosh Blackman and Michael Adam Sasso, Esq.), ECF.\nNo. 37-1,\u0026nbsp;2024 WL 4375328, \u0026lt;h\u003Ca href=\"ttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4973968\"\u003Ettps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4973968\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reason.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2024-10-01-37-1-Ray-Brief.pdf\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reason.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2024-10-01-37-1-Ray-Brief.pdf\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;,\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBrief\nof \u003Ci\u003EAmici Curiae \u003C\/i\u003ERobert W. Ray, Professor Seth Barrett Tillman, and\nLandmark Legal Foundation, Supporting Defendants-Appellees Donald J. Trump,\nWaltine Nauta, and Carlos De Oliveira, \u003Ci\u003EUnited States v. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E, Case No. 24-12311-J\n(11th Cir. Oct. 1, 2024) (filed by Professor Josh Blackman and Michael Adam\nSasso, Esq.), ECF. No. 37-2,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E2024 WL 4375368\u003C\/span\u003E,\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reason.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2024-10-01-37-1-Ray-Brief.pdf\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reason.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2024-10-01-37-1-Ray-Brief.pdf\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;,\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4971359\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4971359\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 107%;\"\u003EBrief of Appellee President Donald J. Trump, \u003Ci\u003EUnited States v.\nDonald J. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E, Case\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ENo. 24-12311-J (11th Cir. Oct. 25, 2024), ECF No. 42, 2024 WL _______, \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/42\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\"\u003E#42 in United States v. Donald Trump (11th Cir., 24-12311) – CourtListener.com\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EAmicus brief(s) in support of Trump due \u003Ci\u003Eon or about\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Cb\u003EFriday,\u0026nbsp;November 1, 2024\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EIntervening presidential election, which may be of some legal consequence, on \u003Cb\u003ETuesday, November 5, 2024\u003C\/b\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EReply brief in support of Appellant Special Counsel Jack Smith due \u003Ci\u003Eon or about\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Cb\u003EFriday,\u0026nbsp;November 8, 2024\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: white;\"\u003EFILINGS also available: \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/68955302\/united-states-v-donald-trump\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E---------------------\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EMEDIA\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;\"\u003EA.R.\nHoffman, ‘\u003Ci\u003EA “Most Extraordinary” Hearing Is Set by Judge Cannon Over Whether\nJack Smith Can Try Trump\u003C\/i\u003E,’ \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003EThe New\nYork Sun\u003C\/span\u003E (June 5, 2024, 4:39:47 AM), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nysun.com\/article\/a-most-extraordinary-hearing-is-set-by-judge-cannon-over-whether-jack-smith-can-try-trump\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.nysun.com\/article\/a-most-extraordinary-hearing-is-set-by-judge-cannon-over-whether-jack-smith-can-try-trump\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;\n(linking to Blackman\/Tillman amicus brief);\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EA.R. Hoffman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"outline: none;\"\u003EJack Smith Is, in Constitutional Terms, “Too Big for His Britches,” Author of New Brief in Trump Case Says\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"outline: none;\"\u003ENew York Sun\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Mar. 29, 2024, 15:06:46 PM), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nysun.com\/article\/jack-smith-is-too-big-for-his-britches-and-not-entitled-to-prosecute-trump-a-new-brief-argues-to-judge-cannon\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.nysun.com\/article\/jack-smith-is-too-big-for-his-britches-and-not-entitled-to-prosecute-trump-a-new-brief-argues-to-judge-cannon\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt; (citing Blackman\/Tillman’s S.D. Fla. Amicus brief);\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: white; margin-left: 38.25pt; outline: none; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"outline: none;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smallcaps1\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003ETerrance Kible,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci style=\"outline: none;\"\u003ELaw Prof Challenges Validity of Special Counsel’s Appointment in Trump Classified Documents Case\u003C\/i\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb style=\"outline: none;\"\u003ELegal Insurrection\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Apr. 7, 2024, 4:00 PM), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/legalinsurrection.com\/2024\/04\/law-prof-challenges-validity-of-special-counsels-appointment-in-trump-classified-documents-case\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/legalinsurrection.com\/2024\/04\/law-prof-challenges-validity-of-special-counsels-appointment-in-trump-classified-documents-case\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt; (citing Blackman\/Tillman amicus brief in S.D. Fla.);\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smallcaps1\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003EArmin Rosen (interviewing Seth Barrett\nTillman), \u003Ci\u003EThe Outsider Legal Genius Who May Rescue Trump\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smallcaps1\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cb\u003ETablet\nMagazine\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smallcaps1\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003E (Mar. 22, 2024), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.tabletmag.com\/sections\/news\/articles\/outsider-legal-genius-seth-tillman-trump\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.tabletmag.com\/sections\/news\/articles\/outsider-legal-genius-seth-tillman-trump\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003EUrsula Faw,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003EJudge Luttig Slaps Back At Crackpot Attempt To Derail Docs Case\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPolitiZoom\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Mar. 21, 2024), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/politizoom.com\/judge-luttig-slaps-back-at-crackpot-attempt-to-derail-docs-case\/\" style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/politizoom.com\/judge-luttig-slaps-back-at-crackpot-attempt-to-derail-docs-case\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003EKathleen Culliton,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E“Crackpot”: Pro-Trump lawyer wants to rehash Mueller argument in classified document case\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ERaw Story\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Mar. 21, 2024 1:48 PM ET), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.rawstory.com\/josh-blackman-trump\/\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.rawstory.com\/josh-blackman-trump\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003EMark Joseph\nStern (@mjs_DC) on Twitter\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E, \u003Ci\u003EJosh Blackman is seeking permission to file an amicus brief\u003C\/i\u003E (Mar.\n21, 2024, 3:22 PM), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/mjs_DC\/status\/1770833252971925833\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/twitter.com\/mjs_DC\/status\/1770833252971925833\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003ECharlie Savage, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003EA Legal\nOutsider, an Offbeat Theory and the Fate of the 2024 Election\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ENew York Times\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E (Feb. 7, 2024, 13:50 PM\nET), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/02\/07\/us\/politics\/tillman-constitution-trump-colorado-ballot.html?unlocked_article_code=1.Tk0.8VLD.lkfvuRDHWfs0\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/02\/07\/us\/politics\/tillman-constitution-trump-colorado-ballot.html?unlocked_article_code=1.Tk0.8VLD.lkfvuRDHWfs0\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003EAdam Liptak, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E‘Lonely\nScholar With Unusual Ideas’ Defends Trump, Igniting Legal Storm\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ENew York Times\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E, Sept. 25, 2017,\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/09\/25\/us\/politics\/trump-emoluments-clause-alexander-hamilton.html?mtrref=Undefined\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/09\/25\/us\/politics\/trump-emoluments-clause-alexander-hamilton.html?mtrref=Undefined\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E---------------------\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;‘\u003Ci\u003EBriefs, Other Filings, and Related Media in United States v. Donald J.\u0026nbsp;Trump (S.D. Fla.) and (11th Cir.) and, perhaps, later (U.S.)\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E,’ \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Mar. 18, 2024, 12:12 PM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/briefs-and-other-filings-in-united.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/briefs-and-other-filings-in-united.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/8914257072636025980\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=8914257072636025980","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8914257072636025980"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8914257072636025980"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/briefs-and-other-filings-in-united.html","title":"Briefs, Other Filings, and Related Media in United States v. Donald J. Trump (S.D. Fla.) and (11th Cir.) and, perhaps, later (U.S.)"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-1525251788941014370"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-18T04:00:00.010-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-18T04:02:40.726-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"A Chinese Report of the Colorado Section 3 Case"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESun Chenghao, ‘\u003Ci\u003EThe Supreme Court and Trump’s\ncandidacy: controversy, trends and impact\u003C\/i\u003E,’ \u003Cspan style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"\u003EAmerican\nObserver #89\u003C\/span\u003E (Jan. 19, 2024), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ciss-tsinghua-edu-cn.translate.goog\/info\/wzjx_mggc\/6870?_x_tr_sl=zh-CN\u0026amp;_x_tr_tl=en\u0026amp;_x_tr_hl=en\u0026amp;_x_tr_pto=sc\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ciss-tsinghua-edu-cn.translate.goog\/info\/wzjx_mggc\/6870?_x_tr_sl=zh-CN\u0026amp;_x_tr_tl=en\u0026amp;_x_tr_hl=en\u0026amp;_x_tr_pto=sc\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;,\n\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ciss.tsinghua.edu.cn\/info\/wzjx_mggc\/6870\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ciss.tsinghua.edu.cn\/info\/wzjx_mggc\/6870\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EDr Sun Chenghao is a Fellow\nat the Center for International Security and Strategy, Tsinghua University. He wrote: “[S]everal\nscholars argue that the President of the United States does not meet the\ndefinition of ‘public office’ in the context of the establishment of the\nConstitution, and therefore Trump cannot be the subject of the disqualification\nclause. This view is also held by a few hardline conservatives.” In support of this view, Dr Sun cited Blackman \u0026amp; Tillman’s ‘\u003Ci\u003EResponse to Baude \u0026amp; Paulsen\u003C\/i\u003E’ in \u003Ci\u003ETex.\nRev. L. \u0026amp; Pol\u003C\/i\u003E. (forthcoming).\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0f1419; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003EI have only read a translation of Dr Sun\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0f1419; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003Es post on \u003Ci\u003EAmerican Observer \u0026lt;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; text-align: left;\"\u003E美国观察\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ci style=\"color: #0f1419; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003E\u0026gt;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0f1419; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003E. It strikes me the author (writing in Chinese) was well informed and made a good faith attempt at balance. Certainly, he was better informed and more even-handed than many in the English-speaking world who had reported on Colorado\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0f1419; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003Es Section 3 case. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0f1419; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E‘\u003Ci\u003EA Chinese Report of the Colorado Section 3 Case\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Mar. 18, 2024, 4:00 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/a-chinese-report-of-colorado-section-3.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/a-chinese-report-of-colorado-section-3.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/1525251788941014370\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=1525251788941014370","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/1525251788941014370"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/1525251788941014370"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/a-chinese-report-of-colorado-section-3.html","title":"A Chinese Report of the Colorado Section 3 Case"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-536123311777105487"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-05T02:37:00.023-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-04-25T05:35:31.598-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Law of the Case: Trump v. Anderson"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAnderson\nv. Griswold, Colo. Sec. of State and Intervenors Republican State Central Cmt\u003C\/i\u003E., Case No.\n2023CV32577, 2023 WL 8006216 (Dist. Ct., City and County of Denver, Colo., Nov.\n17, 2023) (Wallace, J.), slip. op. at 95–102 (holding that a president is not\nan “officer of the United States” for the purposes of Section 3 of the\nFourteenth Amendment), \u003Ci\u003Erev’d\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Ci\u003EAnderson v. Griswold, Sec. of State and\nIntervenor-Appellee\/Cross-Appellant Donald J. Trump\u003C\/i\u003E, Case No. 23SA300, 2023\nCO 63, 2023 Colo. LEXIS 1177, 2023 WL 8770111,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca name=\"OLE_LINK126\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E543 P.3d 283\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Colo. Dec. 19,\n2023) (per curiam), \u003Ci\u003Erev’d\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Ci\u003ETrump v. Anderson\u003C\/i\u003E, U.S. Sup. Ct. No. 23-719,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #252525; text-align: left; text-wrap: nowrap;\"\u003E2024 WL 899207\u003C\/span\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #00172e; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; text-align: center;\"\u003E2024 U.S. LEXIS 1190\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: #fcf4f7; color: #201f1e; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #212121; text-align: center;\"\u003E144 S. Ct. 662\u003C\/span\u003E,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E601 U.S. ---- (U.S. Mar. 4, 2024) (per curiam),\n\u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/slipopinion\/23\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/slipopinion\/23\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #201f1e; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/search.aspx?filename=\/docket\/docketfiles\/html\/public\/23-719.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/search.aspx?filename=\/docket\/docketfiles\/html\/public\/23-719.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBecause\nthe Supreme Court of the United States reversed the decision of the Colorado\nSupreme Court, the opinion and order of the state trial court judge remain good,\npersuasive law. The Colorado state trial court held that the President of the\nUnited States is NOT an “officer of the United States.” The trial court\u003C\/span\u003E’\u003Cspan\u003Es decision has not been overturned, overruled, or vacated. Although the trial court\u003C\/span\u003E’s decision was reversed (by the Colorado Supreme Court), that reversal was itself reversed (by the U.S. Supreme Court). So the first-in-time reversal is a nullity.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThat’s\nthe law of the case.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg2dOzzmNciBUC5mXAzPuBI3FsxAzvvKKZDcSyoevZeUrlEtPY5e-gBGkHoUjchCUMLWbxRqFxwwzHqROlJjxRCIBt_tUOb9Uo1Hj6jOVqoHiPsh0ARTt0zkbWCaqL-tuhXmV_I8xfG9F0mR7whgjBN2qnv-OJUZ2hv1L7Xvo0-u5CEYW_s_Ru2\/s932\/Savage%20on%20Tillman%20on%20Trump%20March%204%202024.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"632\" data-original-width=\"932\" height=\"217\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg2dOzzmNciBUC5mXAzPuBI3FsxAzvvKKZDcSyoevZeUrlEtPY5e-gBGkHoUjchCUMLWbxRqFxwwzHqROlJjxRCIBt_tUOb9Uo1Hj6jOVqoHiPsh0ARTt0zkbWCaqL-tuhXmV_I8xfG9F0mR7whgjBN2qnv-OJUZ2hv1L7Xvo0-u5CEYW_s_Ru2\/s320\/Savage%20on%20Tillman%20on%20Trump%20March%204%202024.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth\nBarrett Tillman, ‘\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Law of the Case: \u003Ci\u003ETrump v. Anderson\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E,’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E (Mar. 5, 2024, 2:37 AM), \u0026lt;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-law-of-case-trump-v-anderson.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-law-of-case-trump-v-anderson.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/536123311777105487\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=536123311777105487","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/536123311777105487"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/536123311777105487"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-law-of-case-trump-v-anderson.html","title":"The Law of the Case: Trump v. Anderson"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg2dOzzmNciBUC5mXAzPuBI3FsxAzvvKKZDcSyoevZeUrlEtPY5e-gBGkHoUjchCUMLWbxRqFxwwzHqROlJjxRCIBt_tUOb9Uo1Hj6jOVqoHiPsh0ARTt0zkbWCaqL-tuhXmV_I8xfG9F0mR7whgjBN2qnv-OJUZ2hv1L7Xvo0-u5CEYW_s_Ru2\/s72-c\/Savage%20on%20Tillman%20on%20Trump%20March%204%202024.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-5858154059408739793"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-04T02:42:00.016-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-05T03:52:25.263-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Political Evangelism in Today’s Ireland"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjMagNbaLXw12j2X9Q2Zs4qyAmrusOzsl3O9p8qPj72lADjUKNhy79P4aw48bpOvQv5wgA-OoWrj6m9FWL6AevT8CjrQKBDDDpaDQCYRiOMzleFcVniYIbYD12FPbvWUCcOHdqi-Khoz75E4_N6WerqzWi54btVYNX9CetevCQEr_RJk7GTM7WG\/s740\/Mahony%202024.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"210\" data-original-width=\"740\" height=\"247\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjMagNbaLXw12j2X9Q2Zs4qyAmrusOzsl3O9p8qPj72lADjUKNhy79P4aw48bpOvQv5wgA-OoWrj6m9FWL6AevT8CjrQKBDDDpaDQCYRiOMzleFcVniYIbYD12FPbvWUCcOHdqi-Khoz75E4_N6WerqzWi54btVYNX9CetevCQEr_RJk7GTM7WG\/w421-h247\/Mahony%202024.jpg\" width=\"421\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EUnder\nproportional representation, voters pick the members of the legislature, not\nthe government or cabinet or executive. Under proportional representation, the\nmembers of the governing coalition having executive power or forming the\ncabinet is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Enot \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eunder the control of the voters. Rather, it depends on the\nbargaining positions and skills of the elected parties \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eafter\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E the\nelection. Proportional representation has advantages if your nation has no\nexternal enemies or has farmed out its defense to third parties. If the greatest threat your nation fears is a portion of its own citizens, then proportional representation may be the best way to organize your elections.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EOn the other\nhand, where a nation faces actual external threats, proportional representation inhibits decisive action by the executive during war time and other\nemergencies. Proportional representation makes decisive action during war time\nand other emergencies difficult because different parties within the governing\ncoalition or cabinet have different interests, will shift blame, and will look\nto their position in the next poll and in the next election. A multi-headed\nexecutive invites a lack of transparency, a lack of accountability, and a\nlack of responsibility. \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThe reality is that proportional representation undermines collective cabinet responsibility\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. So sure, proportional representation might very well\nwork here, in Ireland, but whether it is a good model for other countries ... I\nhave doubts. \u003Ci\u003ESee \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/18th_century\/fed70.asp\"\u003EFederalist No. 70\u003C\/a\u003E \u003C\/i\u003E(1788) (Hamilton); \u003Ci\u003Esee also Federalist Nos. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/18th_century\/fed77.asp\"\u003E77\u003C\/a\u003E \u0026amp; \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/18th_century\/fed85.asp\"\u003E85\u003C\/a\u003E \u003C\/i\u003E(1788) (Hamilton).\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth\nBarrett Tillman, ‘\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPolitical Evangelism in Today’s Ireland\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E,’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E (Mar. 4, 2024, 2:42 AM), \u0026lt;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/political-evangelism-in-todays-ireland.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/political-evangelism-in-todays-ireland.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EJason\nO’Mahony (@jasonomahony) on \u003Cb\u003ETwitter\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E(Mar. 4, 2024, 6:20 AM), \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jasonomahony\/status\/1764536411087122802\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/twitter.com\/jasonomahony\/status\/1764536411087122802\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/5858154059408739793\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=5858154059408739793","title":"3 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/5858154059408739793"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/5858154059408739793"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/political-evangelism-in-todays-ireland.html","title":"Political Evangelism in Today’s Ireland"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjMagNbaLXw12j2X9Q2Zs4qyAmrusOzsl3O9p8qPj72lADjUKNhy79P4aw48bpOvQv5wgA-OoWrj6m9FWL6AevT8CjrQKBDDDpaDQCYRiOMzleFcVniYIbYD12FPbvWUCcOHdqi-Khoz75E4_N6WerqzWi54btVYNX9CetevCQEr_RJk7GTM7WG\/s72-w421-h247-c\/Mahony%202024.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"3"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-8976719655544391576"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-17T18:59:00.014-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-17T19:11:25.574-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Power, Confidence, and Authority"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EEdmund\nBurke, \u003Ci\u003EReflections on the Revolution in France\u003C\/i\u003E (1790):\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EYou would not cure\nthe evil by resolving that there should be no more monarchs, nor ministers of\nstate, nor of the gospel; no interpreters of law; no general officers; no\npublic councils. You might change the names. The things in some shape must remain.\n\u003Ci\u003EA certain quantum of power must always exist in the community in some hands\nand under some appellation\u003C\/i\u003E. (emphasis added)\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFederalist No. 26\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E (Hamilton) (1787):\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe idea of\nrestraining the legislative authority, in the means of providing for the\nnational defence, is one of those refinements which owe their origin to a zeal\nfor liberty more ardent than enlightened. We have seen, however, that it has\nnot had thus far an extensive prevalency; that even in this country, where it\nmade its first appearance, Pennsylvania and North Carolina are the only two\nStates by which it has been in any degree patronized; and that all the others\nhave refused to give it the least countenance; wisely judging \u003Ci\u003Ethat\nconfidence must be placed somewhere\u003C\/i\u003E; that the necessity of doing it, is\nimplied in the very act of delegating power; and that it is better to hazard\nthe abuse of that confidence than to embarrass the government and endanger the\npublic safety by impolitic restrictions on the legislative authority. (emphasis\nadded)\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThey [who supported\nthe Glorious Revolution] were aware that a certain number of troops for guards\nand garrisons were indispensable; that no precise bounds could be set to the\nnational exigencies; that \u003Ci\u003Ea power equal to every possible contingency must\nexist somewhere in the government\u003C\/i\u003E: and that when they referred the exercise\nof that power to the judgment of the legislature, they had arrived at the\nultimate point of precaution which was reconcilable with the safety of the\ncommunity. (emphasis added)\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EHuang\nTsung-hsi, \u003Ci\u003EWaiting for Dawn: A Plan for the Prince\u003C\/i\u003E (1663):\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EFinal authority\nalways rests with someone\u003C\/i\u003E, and the palace menials, seeing the executive\nfunctions of the prime minister fall to the ground, undischarged by anyone,\nhave seized the opportunity to establish numerous regulations, [and] extend the\nscope of their control . . . . (emphasis added)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPower, Confidence, and Authority\u003C\/i\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Feb. 17, 2024, 6:59 PM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan color=\"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52)\" face=\"Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif\" style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/power-authority-and-confidence.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/power-authority-and-confidence.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/8976719655544391576\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=8976719655544391576","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8976719655544391576"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8976719655544391576"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/power-authority-and-confidence.html","title":"Power, Confidence, and Authority"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-362240786799887380"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-06T06:12:00.013-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-14T09:35:04.094-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Understanding Head-of-Government Succession"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EChapter\n80: Romance of the Three Kingdoms\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EXu\nJing spoke, “The late Emperor of the Hans has been slain by Cao Pi. You, O\nPrince, will fail both in loyalty and rectitude if you do not assume the\nsuccession and destroy the wrong-doers. The whole empire requests you to rule\nthat you may avenge the death of the late Emperor, and the people will be\ndisappointed if you do not accede to their wishes.” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe\nPrince replied, “Although I am descended from the grandson of Emperor Jing, I\nhave not been of the least advantage. If I assumed the title of ‘Emperor’, how\nwould that act differ from usurpation?” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EZhuge\nLiang pleaded with him again and again, but the Prince remained obdurate. Then\nZhuge Liang bethought that where argument failed a ruse might succeed. So\nhaving arranged the parts his several colleagues were to play, he pleaded\nillness and remained at home. Presently it was told the Prince that his\nadviser’s condition was becoming serious, wherefore Liu Bei went to see him as\nhe lay on his couch. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“What\nillness affects you, my Commander-in-Chief?” asked Liu Bei. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“My\nheart is sad like unto burning, and I shall soon die.” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“What\nis it that causes you such grief?” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EBut\nZhuge Liang did not reply. And when the question was repeated again and again\nhe said nothing, but just lay with his eyes closed as if he was too ill to\nspeak. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe\nPrince, however, pressed him to reply, and then with a deep sigh Zhuge Liang\nsaid, “Great Prince, from the day I left my humble cottage to follow you, you\nhave always listened to my words and accepted my advice, and now this western\ndomain, the whole of the two River Lands is yours just as I said it would be.\nBut this usurpation of Cao Pi means the annihilation of the Hans and the\ncessation of their sacrifices, wherefore my colleagues and I desired you to\nbecome Emperor in order to crush this upstart Wei and restore the Hans. We all\nworked for this end, never thinking that you would refuse so obstinately to\naccede to our wishes. Now the officers are all annoyed, and they will drift\naway before very long. If you are left alone and Wu and Wei come to attack, it\nwill be difficult for you to hold on to what you have. Do you not think this\nsufficient reason for me to feel grieved?”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Unless I refused, the whole world\nwould blame me. I am afraid,” replied the Prince.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003EQuoting Confucius the\nTeacher, Zhuge Liang replied, “\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003EIf names be not correct, language is not in\naccordance with the truth of things.’ In other words, if one be not really straight,\npeople will not speak of one favorably. O Prince, you are straight, and people\nspeak of you favorably. What more is there to say? You know when Heaven offers\nand you refuse, you are certainly to blame.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“When\nyou have recovered, it shall be done,” said the Prince. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EUp\nleapt Zhuge Liang from his bed\u003C\/i\u003E . . . .\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EUnderstanding Head-of-Government Succession\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E,’ \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Feb. 6, 2024, 6:12 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/understanding-head-of-government.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/understanding-head-of-government.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/362240786799887380\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=362240786799887380","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/362240786799887380"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/362240786799887380"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/understanding-head-of-government.html","title":"Understanding Head-of-Government Succession"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-8467457203303444399"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-04T09:07:00.012-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-04T11:47:55.492-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Chapter 17: Romance of the Three Kingdoms"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ERomance\nof the Three Kingdoms\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EChapter\n17\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe army\nmarched away. In the course of the march they passed through a wheat region,\nand the grain was ready for harvesting but the peasants had fled for fear, and\nthe corn was uncut. Cao Cao sent proclamations to all villages and towns:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“I\nam sent on the expedition by command of the Emperor to capture a rebel and save\nthe people. I cannot avoid moving in the harvest season; but if anyone trample\ndown the corn, he shall be put to death. Military law is strict without\nexception, and the people need fear no damage.” \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe\npeople were very pleased and lined the road, wishing success to the expedition.\nWhen the soldiers passed wheat fields, they dismounted and pushed aside the\nstalks so that none were trampled down.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EOne\nday, when Cao Cao was riding through the fields, a dove suddenly got up,\nstartling the horse so that it swerved into the standing grain, and a large\npatch was trampled down. Cao Cao at once called the Provost Marshal and bade\nhim decree the sentence for the crime of trampling down corn.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“How\ncan I deal with your crime?” asked the Provost Marshal. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E“I\nmade the rule, and I have broken it. Can I otherwise satisfy public opinion?”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ECao\nCao laid hold of the sword by his side and made to take his own life. All\nhastened to prevent him.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EGuo\nJia said, “In ancient days, the days of the \u003Ci\u003ESpring and Autumn Annals\u003C\/i\u003E,\nthe laws were not applied to those of the most important. You are the supreme\nleader of a mighty army and must not wound yourself.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ECao\nCao pondered for a long time. At last he said, “Since there exists the reason\njust quoted, I may perhaps escape the death penalty.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThen\nwith his sword he cut off his hair and threw it on the ground, saying, “I cut\noff the hair as touching the head.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThen\nhe sent messengers to exhibit the hair throughout the whole army, saying, “The\nPrime Minister, having trodden down some corn, ought to have lost his head by\nthe terms of the order; now here is his hair cut off as an attack on the head.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003EThis\ndeed was a stimulus to discipline all through the army so that not a person\ndared be disobedient.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003Efrom: Luo\nGuanzhong, \u003Ci\u003ERomance of the Three Kingdoms\u003C\/i\u003E (Charles Henry Brewitt-Taylor, trans.,\n1925) (first printed version circa 1522).\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman, \u003Ci\u003EChapter 17: Romance of the Three Kingdoms\u003C\/i\u003E,\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;New Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Feb. 4, 2024, 9:07 AM), \u0026lt;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/romance-of-three-kingdoms.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/romance-of-three-kingdoms.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/8467457203303444399\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=8467457203303444399","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8467457203303444399"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/8467457203303444399"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/romance-of-three-kingdoms.html","title":"Chapter 17: Romance of the Three Kingdoms"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-4802230014730299016"},"published":{"$t":"2024-01-30T05:00:00.002-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-01-30T05:02:16.113-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Nigel Farage: Well you're not laughing now"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LvPuVc6GG1k\"\u003E(65) Nigel Farage Well you're not laughing now - YouTube\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ciframe allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"BLOG_video_class\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/z9u7-kQWOwU\" width=\"320\" youtube-src-id=\"z9u7-kQWOwU\"\u003E\u003C\/iframe\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman, 'Nigel Farage: Well you're not laughing now,' \u003Cb\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Jan. 30, 2024), \u0026lt;\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/01\/nigel-faragewell-youre-not-laughing-now.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/01\/nigel-faragewell-youre-not-laughing-now.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026gt;:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4802230014730299016\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=4802230014730299016","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/4802230014730299016"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/4802230014730299016"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/01\/nigel-faragewell-youre-not-laughing-now.html","title":"Nigel Farage: Well you're not laughing now"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/z9u7-kQWOwU\/default.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8776899.post-1964032953286663725"},"published":{"$t":"2024-01-30T02:38:00.008-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-01-30T02:59:26.692-05:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Seth Barrett Tillman Posts"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Extracts from Justice Samour’s Dissent in the Colorado Supreme Court Decision"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"background: white; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EParagraph 279\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E: The\nFourteenth Amendment was designed to address a particular juncture in American\nhistory. William Baude \u0026amp; Michael Stokes Paulsen, \u003Ci\u003EThe Sweep and Force of\nSection Three\u003C\/i\u003E, 172 U. Pa. L. Rev. (forthcoming 2024) (manuscript at 3),\nhttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4532751. The postbellum framers were confronted with\nthe unprecedented nexus of historical events that gave rise to and shaped\nsecession, the Civil War, and \u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;\"\u003EReconstruction. Josh Blackman \u0026amp; Seth Barrett Tillman, \u003Ci\u003ESweeping\nand Forcing the President into Section 3\u003C\/i\u003E, 28(2) Tex. Rev. L. \u0026amp; Pol.\n(forthcoming 2024) (manuscript at 214–15), https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4568771.\nAnd their response, in some measure, sounded the clarion call of “a\nconstitutional revolution.” \u003Ci\u003EId\u003C\/i\u003E. at 99.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EParagraph 299\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E: Certain\nlegal scholars have sought to explain this purported incongruence by surmising\nthat Chief Justice Chase’s application of Section Three in\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y\u0026amp;serNum=1800117982\u0026amp;pubNum=0000349\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=RP\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003EGriffin’s Case\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;was politically motivated. Consequently,\nthey criticize\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y\u0026amp;serNum=1800117982\u0026amp;pubNum=0000349\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=RP\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003EGriffin’s Case\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;as wrongly decided and the result of flawed\nlogic.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003ESee\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;Baude \u0026amp; Paulsen,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003Esupra\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;(manuscript at 35–49). Other legal scholars,\nhowever, question whether the statement quoted above from the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003EFederal Reports\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;accurately represented Chief Justice Chase’s\nviews. They point out that the case reporter, a former confederate general, was\nthe very attorney who represented Judge Sheffey in\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y\u0026amp;serNum=1800117982\u0026amp;pubNum=0000349\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=RP\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003EGriffin’s Case\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Csup id=\"co_fnRef_B00332077818929_ID0EDKAO\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Document\/Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\/View\/FullText.html?navigationPath=Search%2Fv1%2Fresults%2Fnavigation%2Fi0ad740110000018d5932356a0978a659%3Fppcid%3Debc6cf407aa1450294a52c5cff6f6b27%26Nav%3DCASE%26fragmentIdentifier%3DIfef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3%26parentRank%3D0%26startIndex%3D1%26contextData%3D%2528sc.Search%2529%26transitionType%3DSearchItem\u0026amp;listSource=Search\u0026amp;listPageSource=20743dba6a054826dc059450c88ec95b\u0026amp;list=ALL\u0026amp;rank=1\u0026amp;sessionScopeId=7e74a1ac0eaa89d518f1b0e23836974cc185c19bd8951cf643f656a940c4f0af\u0026amp;ppcid=ebc6cf407aa1450294a52c5cff6f6b27\u0026amp;originationContext=Search%20Result\u0026amp;transitionType=SearchItem\u0026amp;contextData=%28sc.Search%29#co_footnote_B00332077818929\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003E7\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003ESee\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E Blackman \u0026amp; Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003Esupra\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;(manuscript at 15). Even assuming\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y\u0026amp;serNum=1800150625\u0026amp;pubNum=0000349\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=RP\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003ECase of Davis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;warrants any consideration at all, there is\nno need to join this affray because these cases can be reconciled in a\nprincipled manner by recognizing that there are two distinct senses of\nself-execution.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y\u0026amp;serNum=1800117982\u0026amp;pubNum=0000349\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=RP\u0026amp;fi=co_pp_sp_349_19\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_349_19\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003EId.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;at 19\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E. I find this distinction both helpful and borne out by the\ncase law.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EFootnote 7\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E: \u003Ci\u003EGriffin’s\nCase\u003C\/i\u003E was decided in 1869 and the statement from the case reporter regarding\n\u003Ci\u003ECase of Davis\u003C\/i\u003E appeared in the 1894 \u003Ci\u003EFederal\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Ci\u003EReports\u003C\/i\u003E. Blackman\n\u0026amp; Tillman, \u003Ci\u003Esupra \u003C\/i\u003E(manuscript at 140).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EParagraph 324\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E: Although\nSection Three was included in\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y\u0026amp;serNum=1969133020\u0026amp;pubNum=0000780\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=RP\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #181717; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=10000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003EPowell\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;among the so-called Qualification Clauses,\ncloser scrutiny reveals that it is unique and deserving of different treatment.\nThat\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003Es because Section Three is the only one that is “qualifie[d]” by the\nfollowing language: “[C]ongress shall have power to enforce,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003Eby appropriate legislation\u003C\/em\u003E, the provision[s] of this article.”\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y\u0026amp;serNum=1800117982\u0026amp;pubNum=0000349\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=RP\u0026amp;fi=co_pp_sp_349_26\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_349_26\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; text-decoration-line: none;\"\u003EGriffin\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; text-decoration-line: none;\"\u003Es Case\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; text-decoration-line: none;\"\u003E, 11 F. Cas. at 26\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;(emphasis added) (quoting\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=L\u0026amp;pubNum=1000583\u0026amp;cite=USCOAMENDXIVS5\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=LQ\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; text-decoration-line: none;\"\u003EU.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 5\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;and stating that “[t]he fifth section qualifies the\nthird”). None of the other Qualification Clauses—even when viewed in the\ncontext of the original Articles in toto—contains the “appropriate legislation”\nmodifier. Indeed, that modifier only appears in certain other Amendments, none\nof which are objectively relevant to the instant matter. I need not contemplate\nwhat bearing, if any, this has on the self-executing nature of constitutional\nprovisions more generally. While that might be an open question,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003Esee\u003C\/em\u003E Blackman \u0026amp; Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003Esupra\u003C\/em\u003E\u0026nbsp;(manuscript at 23) (noting that there\nappears to be “no deep well of consensus that constitutional provisions are\nautomatically self-executing or even presumptively self-executing”), the\ndemands of the instant matter counsel in favor of limiting my exposition to the\nConstitution\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E’\u003C\/span\u003Es presidential qualifications, especially those found in\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1-next-westlaw-com.may.idm.oclc.org\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=L\u0026amp;pubNum=1000583\u0026amp;cite=USCOARTII\u0026amp;originatingDoc=Ifef584609f0511eeb7af84059c4429c3\u0026amp;refType=LQ\u0026amp;originationContext=document\u0026amp;transitionType=DocumentItem\u0026amp;ppcid=51cd062a7a5d4ec4974cda28b2fa3e49\u0026amp;contextData=(sc.Search)\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; text-decoration-line: none;\"\u003EArticle II\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, Section One, Clause Five.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"OLE_LINK126\" style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK132;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003EAnderson v. Griswold, Sec. of State and Intervenor-Appellee\/Cross-Appellant Donald J. Trump\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK126;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK132;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E, Sup. Ct. Case No. 23SA300, 2023 Colo. LEXIS 1177, 2023 WL 8770111, --- P.3d ---- (Colo. Dec. 19, 2023) (Samour, J., dissenting), slip op. at 5, 13 n.6, 15 \u0026amp; n.7, 29 (citing Blackman \u0026amp; Tillman’s ‘\u003Ci\u003EResponse to Baude and Paulsen\u003C\/i\u003E’ in\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003ETex. Rev. L. \u0026amp; Pol.\u003C\/i\u003E)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK132;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E, \u0026lt;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.courts.state.co.us\/userfiles\/file\/Court_Probation\/Supreme_Court\/Opinions\/2023\/23SA300.pdf\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.courts.state.co.us\/userfiles\/file\/Court_Probation\/Supreme_Court\/Opinions\/2023\/23SA300.pdf\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026gt;;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK132;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK132;\"\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #1d1b11;\"\u003ESeth Barrett Tillman,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; text-align: left;\"\u003E‘\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003EExtracts from Justice Samour’s Dissent in the Colorado Supreme Court Decision\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; text-align: left;\"\u003E,’ \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"color: #181717; text-align: left;\"\u003ENew Reform Club\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Jan. 30, 2024, 2:38 AM), \u0026lt;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/01\/extracts-from-justice-samours-dissent.html\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/01\/extracts-from-justice-samours-dissent.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E\u0026gt;;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #181717;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/feeds\/1964032953286663725\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/comment.g?blogID=8776899\u0026postID=1964032953286663725","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/1964032953286663725"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/8776899\/posts\/default\/1964032953286663725"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/reformclub.blogspot.com\/2024\/01\/extracts-from-justice-samours-dissent.html","title":"Extracts from Justice Samour’s Dissent in the Colorado Supreme Court Decision"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Seth Barrett Tillman"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15597182448693278803"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}}]}});